Lesson 2 The Woods Were Tossing with Jewels I. Preparation 1. The Author: A Childhood in the Florida Wilderness by Marie St. John, written for her son, Tom, and edited and illustrated by her daughter, Charlotte St. John Evans  

2. Cultural background Palmetto, Florida

Palmetto, Florida

3. Outline (Organization and Development) Part 1 (para.1-12) 1) The purpose of taking a claim on an offshore island (para. 1) 5 w’s 2) Family background (para. 2-4) 3) Unforgettable trip (para. 5-19) 4) Watson, w infamous outlaw (para.14-16)

Part 2: Life on a small island, Gopher Key (para.20-29) Part 3: Father’s courage beat the outlaw, Watson (para.30-36) Part 4: Conclusion: The key to those wonderful times. (para.37)

II. Discourse analysis 1. About the title The title of this article could be one of the followings: 1) My Childhood in the Florida Wildness 2) My Father, a Man of enterprise 3) Life in the Florida Wildness 4) The Woods Were Tossing with Jewels Then why does the author chooses the last one? What does the author want to tell the readers?

Para. 1: purpose of Father’s decision 1. What do you know about the father from the first paragraph? He grew up in a rural environment and his childhood experience helped him form his simple and natural lifestyle.

2. stake a claim: If you stake a claim, you say that something is yours or that you have a right to it. Also, stake out a claim: Indicate something as one's own. This term, dating from the mid-1800s, originally meant "register a claim to land by marking it with stakes (=posts)."

e.g. Now is the Time to Stake a Claim on the Used Saab SUV(现在正是购买越野绅宝的好时机.) I'm staking a claim to the drumstick. She staked out a claim for herself in the insurance business.

3. ranchland:

Para. 2-4: Father’s adventurous life 1. carriage house - a small building for housing coaches and carriages and other vehicles

2.academy: a secondary or college-preparatory school, especially a private one But I the article it was a secondary school, from grade 9-12 at that time (19th century).

3. A sheriff, in U.S. , is a person who is elected to make sure that the law is obeyed in a particular county.

4. No mean job: not a poor job mean: adj. a. Low in quality or grade; inferior. b. Low in value or amount; paltry e.g. There is no mean jobs, but mean persons. She paid no mean amount for the new shoes.

5. uninviting: not pleasant or attractive; disagreeable e.g. I found myself thrown among strange people; everything here was grim and uninviting, with teachers continually shouting at me, and myself constantly feeling awkward and uncomfortable.

6. panther: The leopard, especially in its black unspotted form

7. siren

siren song: = siren call the enticing appeal of something alluring but potentially dangerous e.g. Deep in his life-processes Life itself sang the siren song of its own majesty, ever a-whisper and urgent, counseling him that he could achieve more than other men, win out where they failed, ride to success where they perished. Obviously Iraqi oil is a siren song to Bush and his followers.

8. But these marks of wild country called to my father like legendary siren song: The attractions of the Florida wilds are compared to the beautiful and seductive voice of women, but in this case following the lane of the siren song has a happy outcome. Unpleasant as the wild country was, my father was deeply attracted simply because of his qualities of enjoying the challenge.

9. Covered wagon

10. Gentle folks: Persons of good family and relatively high station. e.g. The handsome old man stood motionless, holding a cup of coffee, looking down from the height of his tall figure with friendly serenity at the gentlefolks, obviously understanding nothing of their conversation and not caring to understand it.

11. Guavas 番石榴

12. in season: in good time, or sufficiently early for the purpose. e.g. If his meal is not ready in season, he takes his rifle, hides to the forest, shoots his own game, lights his fire, and cooks his meal. ≠out of season: not in a proper season or time; untimely; The fruit is very cheap as it is out of season.

13. idyllic: pleasing or picturesque in natural simplicity; excellent and delightful in all respects e.g. I enjoy the idyllic campus life.

Para. 5-19: the unforgettable trip 1. “I’m afraid day’s going to catch us,” I explained, wondering what great disaster might befall us if it did: As a little girl, I believed my father’s words, and was genuinely afraid of the possible disaster – if we did not hurry up, the day would catch us and terrible things might happen.

2. befall: happen (to) e.g. She feared some evil might befall. He promised that no harm would befall her.

3. Key up: to make intense, excited, or nervous e.g. When my brother left the house he was all keyed up. The examination had been on his mind for weeks.

4. Porch: a structure attached to the exterior of a building often forming a covered entrance e.g. They liked to sit on the porch to talk about business matters .

5. In this deep and roomy box were packed our camping equipment and food supplies: Notice the word order. The normal order should be: Our camping equipment and food supplies were packed in this deep and roomy box.

6. cot: a narrow bed made of canvas

7. apiece: adv. = each If people have a particular thing apiece, they have that number each. (num. + n. + apiece) e.g. The teacher gave the boys a picture book apiece. These apples are sold at ten cents apiece.

8. Dutch oven

9. Little stores, all alone

10. adjoin: share a boundary; lie next to e.g. Canada adjoins the U.S. No meals are served in these houses, but generally a public eating place adjoins them

11. bay horse: reddish brown horse Bay is a color of the hair coats of horses, characterized by a body color of dark red (known as blood bay) to deep brown, with black points (mane, tail, lower legs, and sometimes the muzzle and tip of the ears). Bay is a favorite color among ranchers and horse enthusiasts.

Bay horse

12. This third day out, and the days to come, found us in the unsettled wilds of Florida. The structure varies a little in this sentence, to avoid monotony. Otherwise it would start with “we” again. We were in the unsettled wilds of Florida, the third day out, and the days to come.

13. Strike camp To strike camp: to remove/lower all tents. The opposite of “strike camp” is “pitch camp” as is later found in Para. 11.

14. What with… and (what with )… : (spoken) used when you are giving a number of reasons for a particular situation e.g. What with overwork and what with hunger, he became sick at last. (一半由于工作过度，一半由于饥饿，他终于病倒了。)

treat n.: something fine and delicious, especially a food 15. as an added treat treat n.: something fine and delicious, especially a food idioms: my treat    我請客 treat someone like dirt    把某人看得一文不值 Dutch treat: AA 制 （An outing or date on which each person pays his or her own way. To “go Dutch” is to go on such a date.）

16. cabbage palmetto : a cabbage palm with fan-shaped leaves that is native to coastal southeastern United States

Cabbage palmetto

17.the heart of the cabbage palmetto Cut out the heart of the cabbage palmetto. Strip off the outer hard tough fronds to reach the actual white heart. This is the most tender part and should be cut into 1/2-inch strips or cubes. Cook slowly in very little water for 20-30 minutes, adding two tablespoons of sugar and salt to taste. Stir frequently to prevent sticking.

18. Outhouse: an outdoor toilet

19. Redbirds, tanagers,…, leaving a child with the impression that the woods were tossing with jewels: The author compares the birds to jewels because of their brightly colored plumage, and since the birds flew back and forth across the trail, the author felt as a little girl that the woods were tossing with jewels. As we read on, we will find other jewels.

20. acquaint: 1)To cause to come to know personally: 2)To make familiar: 3)To inform: e.g. Let me acquaint you with my family.请让你认识一下我的家人 I acquainted myself with the controls.我熟悉了一下规定 Please acquaint us with your plans.请告诉我们你的计划

◆Warning: “Acquainted” has lost its passive sense, is now usually used as an adjective. e.g.: “我是去年认识他的。” 不能译作: I acquainted him last year. 或 I was acquainted with him last year. 第一句是语态错误, 第二句混淆了“状态”和“动作”, 只能译成: I got [became] acquainted with him last year. 或 I made his acquaintance last year

21. Seclude: keep away from others (= isolate) e.g. He secluded himself in his study to write a book. I told my father all about it, and why I felt it was necessary that I should seclude myself, and my reason for not seeing my friends.

22. … from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trials, though few crimes seemed to lead directly to his doors: Occasionally the law officials would make some efforts without real earnest to investigate Watson and to bring him to court, but there seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove that he was responsible for certain illegal activities.

23. susceptible: If you are susceptible to someone or something, you are very likely to be influenced by them. e.g. young people are the most susceptible to advertisements. James was extremely susceptible to flattery.

24. bayou: a swampy arm or slow-moving outlet of a lake (term used mainly in Mississippi and Louisiana) Buffalo bayou in Huston

25. invalid: n.; adj. An invalid is someone who needs to be cared for because they have illness or disability. Sick or disabled (adj.) e.g. I hate being treated as an invalid. The house is specially for invalid soldiers.

26. intrigue: (= fascinate) to arouse the interest or curiosity of

e.g. The news intrigued us all. He was intrigued with the novelty of the story. Warning: He is intrigued with that woman. (他和那个妇女私通）

27. Not without trepidation The double negative “not without” conveys a weaker affirmative than would be conveyed by the positive preposition “with” by itself, that is papa was a little nervous when making arrangements with Watson.

About double negatives Double negatives have two linguistic functions: to intensify the tone or to soften the tone. e.g. You can’t make something out of nothing. What’s done cannot be undone. （已经做了的事后悔也无用。） No law, no liberty. （无法律则无自由） Not without reason, Jack quitted his job.

28. The stranglehold Watson had over …that our state was to suffer through its history: The control Watson had over this part of Florida was much similar to the dishonest or illegal activities of the law-enforcing officials and governors which Florida witnessed in the twentieth century.

29. There was the little shack, …, and there was a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away: Before the family built their own house, they lived in a shabby cabin by Gopher Key, close to the merciless Watson.

Para.(20-29): Life on a small island 1. sheepshead: (红鲈)large (up to 20 lbs) food fish of the eastern coast of the United States and Mexico

2. blind: n. a hiding place sometimes used by hunters (especially duck hunters) e.g. The hunter waited patiently in the blind. The girl was shocked when she found a man behind the blind.

3…. and of the thousands of ducks that …in a dozen or more to be smothered in sage: This sentence can be reconstructed into the following one: … and he would bring in a dozen or more to be smothered in sage of the thousands of ducks that quacked us awake at dawn. Could find another preposition to replace “of”?

4. quack When a duck quacks, it makes the noise that ducks typically make. e.g. There were ducks quacking on the lawn. N.B. a quack doctor quack remedies/cures

5. King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ours was three times a day…: We had abundant food on the island, and even the meals enjoyed by King Richard, who was famous for his love of food, could not possibly compare with ours. The narrator was very contented with the simplicity of life and grateful for the adequacy of food supplies on the island.

6. a tunnel of mangroves: A tunnel-like passage formed by the tangled masses of mangrove roots Enjoy the photos of tunnel-like mangroves given below:

7. dessert dessert: the last course of a meal desert: arid land (noun); to abandon (verb) e.g. If you live in a desert, it is a good idea to own a camel. Clyde deserted school and joined the circus. Jack deserted school and joined the circus. Chocolate ice cream is my favorite dessert.

8. sometime Sometime: at some time (ad.); former (a.) some time: an unspecified amount of time (n.) e.g. I will get to it sometime. There are five sometime presidents of the United States still living. I would spend some time pondering your plan.

9. The hard-packed shell was like pavement: The shells were pressed firmly into the ground, resembling the hard surface of a road. packed: pressed together firmly. Look at the huge sea shell, which is about 50kgs in weight.

. 10. unrelenting: = relentless If you describe someone’s behavior as relenting, you mean they are continuing to do something in a very determined way, often without caring whether they hurt or embarrass other people. If you describe something as relenting, you mean that it continues without stopping.

e.g. It was forecast that the unrelenting ice storm had swept that area for over 10 hours. They were unrelenting in their support for the local community.

11. Despite the unrelenting heat, we were happy to… rain or shine: Although it was very hot outside in the sun, we were happy to be dismissed from my mother’s seasons indoors. We would have to read and write with her every day no matter what the weather was like.

Women on frontier often performed many different tasks Women on frontier often performed many different tasks. They were the cook, the spinster, the doctor, and if they had kids, the teacher, as shown by the author’s mother.

12. Para. 29: love of family This paragraph further shows the love and trust within the family. When the author wanted her baby sister so much, we can clearly feel her love; and when the father placed the baby into her arms, we can clearly feel the trust. And the important thing is that these precious qualities had always been and will always be there in the family.

13. bond: a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest e.g. I do admire the bond of affection between the sisters. （我真羡慕她们的姊妹之情） Our common tastes form a bond of union between us.（我们的趣味相同，使我们结合在一起） ★One’s word is (as good) as one’s bond.(说话有信用）

14. My father and grandmother had delivered her without mishap: My father and grandmother helped my mother to give birth to the baby without trouble.

15. mishap: bad luck; an unfortunate accident e.g. He arrived without any mishap, and, having finished his business, set out on his return. Look at the picture. With a mishap, the lovely books were damaged by the tasty coffee.

16. Let the matter drop: to do or say nothing more about something. e.g. Being at a low point in my life at that time, and not willing to fight the battle myself to get the book reprinted, I let the matter drop. Satisfied, the administrator let the matter drop. He didn't try to alert the female professor to her mistake.

Part 3 Father’s courage (para.30-36) 1. … and what with papa’s field … to send to market: This sentence can be reconstructed as follows: … and we soon had produce and what with papa’s field to send to market.

2. produce: farm products, especially fresh fruits and vegetables, considered as a group A FISHERMAN who lived on the produce of his nets, one day caught a single small Fish as the result of his day's labor. The superior quality of our agricultural produce was maintained through the increased supply of manure.

3. arise, rise “Rise” is widely use to refer to upward action, while “arise” is nowadays used metaphorically. e.g. The question then arises as to what we are going to do once we get the equipment? The people were on the point of sinking under the heavy burden when a revolutionary leader arose among them.

4. Let the matter drop: to do or say nothing more about something. e.g. Being at a low point in my life at that time, and not willing to fight the battle myself to get the book reprinted, I let the matter drop. Satisfied, the administrator let the matter drop. He didn't try to alert the female professor to her mistake.

5. Settle/balance/square (an) accounts with someone: punish and so get revenge e.g. I settled accounts with Jim for speaking rudely to me at the party. Jim在聚会上对我说粗话一事,我找他算了帐.

6. Sit tight: to be patient and await the next move If you sit tight, you remain in the same place or situation and do not take any action, usually because you are waiting for something to happen. e.g. About all we can do is to sit tight and wait for whatever may come. He had nothing to do but to sit tight and let her do the work.

7. In the argument that followed the boys could see everything: The normal word order of this sentence is: The boys could see everything in the argument that followed.

8. strident: unpleasantly loud and harsh e.g. "Ma," she shouted suddenly, in her shrill, strident treble, "I see Martin coming'.

9. break: come into being or emerge e.g. Light broke over the horizon. Voices broke in the air. Hearing the praise, a naughty smile broke on the boy’s face.

10. bead: A small metal knob on the muzzle of a firearm, such as a rifle, used for sighting. draw a bead on: aim with a gun e.g. The hunter drew a bead on the rabbit.

11. nonchalant:=casual If you describe someone as nonchalant, you mean that they appear not worry or care about things and that they seem very calm. e.g. He appeared nonchalant in court even when the judge spoke to him. The girl was nonchalant about her role in the play.

Part 4. Conclusion: The key to those wonderful times. (para.37) 1. Today I can see in my grandsons and great-grandson some…: The pattern of this sentence is : see something in … Today I can see some of those qualities of courage and caring that my father had in abundance.

2. A brief summary: In paragraph 12, the author compares the flying birds as jewels tossing with the woods. Reaching the end of the article, we can see those qualities of courage and caring are the jewels with which the woods were tossing.

If we ponder over the last sentence of the article we can see that to the author thinks that self-reliance, freedom, courage, hard, simple life and love of nature and love of family are the precious jewels, the American traditional values, which should cherished.

Thank you!