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4.1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture The body of material traits, customary beliefs, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people Each cultural activity has a distinctive spatial distribution. Geographers study the relations between material culture and the physical environment. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture Daily necessities and leisure Material culture deriving from the necessities of daily life Culture involving leisure activities Habit A repetitive act that a particular individual performs Custom A repetitive act of a group Material culture A collection of social customs © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture CULTURE : DAILY NECESSITIES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture CULTURE : LEISURE © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture HABIT AND CUSTOM © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture Characteristics of folk culture Anonymous hearth(s) Anonymous sources (originators) Unknown dates Diffuses slowly and on a small scale Chiefly through migration Little change © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture FOLK CULTURE : DISTRIBUTION OF THE AMISH © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture Characteristics of popular culture Found in large heterogeneous societies Large territory as compared to folk culture Usually product of developed countries Rapid diffusion facilitated by technology Changes rapidly and frequently © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture POPULAR CULTURE : DISTRIBUTION OF BASEBALL © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.1 Elements of Folk and Popular Culture Folk culture Varies from place to place at a given time Popular culture Varies from time to time at a given place © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.2 Origin and Diffusion of Music Folk music Composed anonymously and transmitted orally Contents derived from daily life Travels via relocation diffusion © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.2 Origin and Diffusion of Music GULLAH FOLK MUSIC © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.2 Origin and Diffusion of Music VIETNAMESE FOLK MUSIC © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.2 Origin and Diffusion of Music Popular music Composed by specific individuals Commercial purposes Originated ~1800 Tin Pan Alley Rise of recorded music © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.2 Origin and Diffusion of Music POPULAR MUSIC PER FOR MANCES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.2 Origin and Diffusion of Music THE LANDSCAPE OF MUSIC © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports Soccer’s folk culture origins Eleventh-century England Denmark ~1018–1042 “Kick the Dane’s Head” Football Association, 1863 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports FOOTBALL PLAYED AROUND THE WORLD © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports Soccer as popular culture Late 1800s diffused to continental Europe Holland, 1870s Spain, 1893 Diffused via British imperial expansion Russia, 1887 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports WORLD CUP © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports Surviving folk sports Cricket Ice hockey Wushu Baseball Football Lacrosse © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports ICE HOCKEY IN CANADA © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports AUSTRALIAN RULES FOOTBALL © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.3 Origin and Diffusion of Sports LACROSSE PLAYED BY THE MOHAWK TRIBE © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.4 Folk and Popular House Styles Folk culture traditions are reflected in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century US housing. Popular culture influences are seen in US housing built since 1940. Folk housing © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.4 Folk and Popular House Styles HEARTHS OF U.S. FOLK HOUSING TYPES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.4 Folk and Popular House Styles Popular housing Regional distinctiveness declines Houses commercially constructed © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.4 Folk and Popular House Styles Popular housing types Minimal traditional Ranch house Split-level Contemporary Shed Mansard Neo-Tudor Neo-French Neo-Colonial © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.4 Folk and Popular House Styles [insert Figure 4.4.5 on this slide] POPULAR HOUSING TYPES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences Food taboos Taboo A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom Biblical taboos © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences POPULAR HOUSING TYPES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences SWINE STOCK © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences Environmental influences Traditional food taboos deeply embedded in the physical environment Influenced by perception of negative forces Also influenced by environmental features © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences Food and place: the concept of terroir Environment contributes to the characteristic of food Terroir The contribution of a location’s physical features to the way food tastes (French) Climate Landforms Soil © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences WINE PRODUCTION © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.5 Folk and Popular Food Preferences VINEYARDS © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.6 Folk and Popular Clothing Preferences Folk clothing traditions Traditionally selected/designed to meet agricultural practices and climatic conditions Diffusion via migration and technology has extended influence of some folk clothing © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.6 Folk and Popular Clothing Preferences FOLK CLOTHING TRADITIONS © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.6 Folk and Popular Clothing Preferences CONTROVERSIAL FOLK CLOTHING © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.6 Folk and Popular Clothing Preferences Clothing of popular culture Generally reflects occupation Diffusion via communications technology has extended influence of popular clothing © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.6 Folk and Popular Clothing Preferences JEANS © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.7 Diffusion of Popular Media Diffusion of TV Developed in 1930s WWII impeded diffusion © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.7 Diffusion of Popular Media DIFFUSION OF TV © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.7 Diffusion of Popular Media Diffusion of the Internet More rapid diffusion than TV © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.7 Diffusion of Popular Media INTERNET USERS PER 1,000 INHABITANTS 2011 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.7 Diffusion of Popular Media Diffusion of Facebook Founded in 2004 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.7 Diffusion of Popular Media DIFFUSION OF FACEBOOK © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure Folk culture landscapes: Himalayan art Karan and Mather’s study Close proximity but limited interaction produced distinctive folk customs. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure FOLK CULTURE IN THE ENVIRONMENT : HIMALAYAN ART © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure Popular culture landscapes: golf courses Popular culture can make significant alterations to the environment. Golf courses represent such alterations. Rooney Study Greater number of courses in the northern US Linked to tradition and social clubs Scottish origins ~Fifteenth century © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure POPULAR CULTURE IN THE ENVIRONMENT : GOLF COURSES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure FOLK CULTURE OR POPULAR CULTURE ? GOLF IN SCOTLAND © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.8 Landscapes of Folk and Popular Art and Leisure GOLF IN THE UNITED STATES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture Challenges to Folk Culture Loss of traditional values Imposition of popular culture through diffusion of media © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture GOLF IN THE UNITED STATES © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture LIMITING FREEDOM ON THE INTERNET © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture Challenges to popular culture Uniformity: fast food Uniformity: gas, food, and lodging Diffusion in the global marketplace Local cultures and globalization © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture UNIFORM LANDSCAPE © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture UNIFORM LANDSCAPE © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4.9 Challenges to Landscapes of Folk and Popular Culture ADVERTISING LOCALLY GROWN © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter Review Key Questions How are folk and popular culture distributed? How are the needs of daily life met in folk and popular culture? How is the landscape altered by folk and popular culture? © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.