Changing the earth’s relief Evolution of the landscape Textbook p. 314, 333-335.

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Presentation transcript:

Changing the earth’s relief Evolution of the landscape Textbook p. 314,

Changing the earth’s relief: mountain formation Relief = shape of the earth surface Formation of mountains = Orogenesis  through convergent tectonic plate movements  mountain: - steep slopes - at least 600m high Mountains in the making: ➔ Himalaya, Rocky mountains, Alps

Laurentians Rocky Mountains Why are they different? ?

Montreal streets : After the winter: worn down

Laurentians Rocky Mountains Laurentians a lot older  have been worn down ! Why are they different? ?

Weathering Gradual destruction of rock on the earth surface. N0Y N0Y

Mechanical weathering The power of water: Rock is fragmented, but not changed in its composition

Mechanical weathering Fragmentation of rock through: - Variations in temperature and pressure - water example: freeze thaw cycle of water -wind Composition of rock does not change

Minerals in rock are dissolved and changed. Chemical weathering

Chemical Weathering Dissolving and changing minerals in rocks  Composition of rock changes. Through: - washing out of certain minerals  enhanced through acid rain

Biological Weathering Living organisms destroy rock.

Biological weathering Plant roots can break rocks Living organisms release acids  changes and weakens the rock

Practice: what kind of weathering? 1. Mechanical 2. Chemical 3. Mechanical + Chemical 1 2 3

Water erosion

Glacial erosion

Wind erosion

Erosion of soil Soil Erosion rates on farmed land between 17 and 40 tons per ha and year average natural soil production only 1 ton per ha and year !!!

Journey’s end: Deposition

The three stages of Erosion Erosion 1.) Weathering 2.) Transport: water, wind, ice 3.) Deposition: in lake, stream, ocean

Changing the earth’s relief: Erosion Erosion is the gradual wearing away (destruction and /or removal) of land surface material, for example rock or soil. Three step process: – Weathering of rock (destruction of rock) – Transportation of soil and rock debris (through water, wind, glaciers). – Deposition of material at another location

View from the mountain:

Montréal

Effects of erosion Hole on Sherbrooke May 2012 Caused by hole in water collecting pipe What happened?

homework Worksheet to be collected next class

Categories of Weathering / Erosion Mechanical Weathering – Composition of rock does not change – Through: - Variations in temperature and pressure  example: freeze thaw cycle of water - Wind and water Chemical Weathering – Composition of rock changes – Through: - washing out of certain minerals  enhanced through acid rain Biological Weathering – Living organisms release acids  change + weaken the rock – Plant roots can break rocks.