Chapter 1 Architectural History and Styles Development of Architectural Forms Bearing walls Solid walls that provide support for each other and for the roof Post and lintel construction Horizontal beams(lintel) across two vertical posts

Arch Vault Dome Constructed of many lighter stones Each stone is supported by leaning on the center stone Keystone Center stone that is wedged and locks the other stones in place Vault Series of arches Dome Made of many arches arranged so that their bases form a circle and the tops meet in the center

Gothic Arch Buttress A regular arch with a pointed top Adds exterior support to a structure or wall

Influences on Early American Architecture English style architecture Used variations of common architectural features High pitched roofs Massive chimneys Half timber siding Small windows French style architecture Steeply pitched hip roofs Long projecting windows Curved lintels Towers

Spanish and Italian Style similarities Arches Low pitched roofs made of ceramic tile Stucco exterior walls Open courtyard patio Italian style differences Columns and arches are generally part of the entrance Windows and balconies open to a loggia Open passage covered by a roof

Early American style architecture All styles that developed in various regions of the colonies New England Colonial Greatly simplified the English styles due to equipment and availability of building material. CAPE COD (1 ½ Story gable roof home) Central front entrance Central chimney Exterior walls of bevel siding Dormers Symmetrical Design

Dutch Colonial Elizabethan English Tudor French Provincial Has a gambrel roof Elizabethan Half timbered with mortar between, adopted from Tudor style English Tudor Norman towers and tall chimneys French Provincial Mansard roof Southern Colonial Two story columns Victorian Intricate finials, lintels,parapets,balconies,and cornices Ranch Rambling plan Modern Freedom of design and use of space

                                                    

                                                         

A. The nave. B. Rib vaulting (Sort of like a groin vault, only creased with ridges. . . . see below.)   C. Pier (The main supports that hold up the nave vaulting.) D. The Aisle E. Clerestory windows (Small, upper story window that flank the aisles.) F. Triforium (A small walkway usually reserved for nuns and women......in the "old" days.)

                                                                                                                                                  

                    

                           

                           

This is not a ranch home!!!!!

Modern house plans

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