Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis Let’s look at the difference! 1

What is metamorphosis? Metamorphosis refers to the way that certain organisms develop, grow, and change form. Metamorphosis actually means "change". 2

Two Types of Metamorphosis INCOMPLETE Hemimetabolous METAMORPHOSIS - has THREE stages COMPLETE Holometabolous METAMORPHOSIS - has FOUR stages. 3

3 STAGES OF INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS Egg Nymph Adult 4

EGG A female insect lays eggs. These eggs are often covered by an egg case which protects the eggs and holds them together. 5

NYMPH The eggs hatch into nymphs. Nymphs looks like small adults, but usually don't have wings. Insect nymphs eat the same food that the adult insect eats. Nymphs shed or molt their exoskeletons (outer casings made up of a hard substance called chitin) and replace them with larger ones several times as they grow. Most nymphs molt 4-8 times. 6

ADULT The insects stop molting when they reach their adult size. By this time, they have also grown wings. 7

COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS Also known as holometabolous Benefit – Larvae live in different environment and eat diferent food from adult. Less competition! 8

4 STAGES OF COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS Egg Larva Pupa Adult 9

EGG The female lays eggs. Insect will go through a series of molts to grow. 10

LARVA Larva hatch from the eggs. They do not look like adult insects. They usually have a worm-like shape. Caterpillars, maggots, and grubs are all just the larval stages of insects. Larvae molt their skin several times and they grow slightly larger. 11

PUPA Non feeding stage Inactive and enveloped in a case Some form cocoons. Cocoon is an additional blanket of silk around pupa Many spend winter months in pupa stage Their bodies develop into an adult shape with wings, legs, internal organs, etc. This change takes anywhere from 4 days to many months. 12

ADULT Internal fertilization Attract mates: pattern recognition on wings, brightly colored, release pheromones Lay eggs on host plant – Monarchs - milkweed 13

Ecdysone: molting hormone Hormones Ecdysone: molting hormone 14

QUESTION #1 What are the two types of metamorphosis? 15

QUESTION #2 How is holometabolous metamorphosis a better adaptation than hemimetabolous metamorphosis? 16

QUESTION #3 Butterflies are keystone species because they are pollinators. Why is pollination such an important role in the environment? 17

QUESTION #4 Why have butterfly populations declined? 3 reasons 18

QUESTION #5 _______ % of monarch eggs and larvae become butterflies. 19

QUESTION #6 How can ladybugs help Monarch butterflies? 20

QUESTION #7 How can mulch help Monarch Butterflies? 21

QUESTION #8 List three ways Monarchs depend on milkweed. 22

QUESTION #9 How can one tell the difference between a moth and a butterfly? 23

QUESTION #10 How can one tell the difference between a monarch and a viceroy butterfly? 24

Extra Credit What would happen to a monarch butterfly that could only produce ecdysone, but not juvenile hormone? 25