Production Materials & Tools

Learning Standards 1. Materials, Tools & Machines Appropriate materials, tools and machines enable us to solve problems, invent, and construct 1.1 Given a design task, identify appropriate materials (e.g., wood, paper, plastic, aggregates, ceramics, metals, solvents, adhesives) based on specific properties and characteristics (e.g., strength, hardness and flexibility).

Learning Objectives At the conclusion of the lesson students will be able to: 1) Define Production Materials 2) How do you choose the correct material when making a product 3) Compare & contrast Organic & Inorganic Materials 4) Compare & contrast Renewable & Non Renewable Materials 5) Define Mechanical Properties 6) List & describe 8 types of Production Materials (Wood, Plastic, Metal, Composite, Paper, Ceramic, Solvent, Adhesive)

Production Materials Materials that are used to make products

PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS When choosing a material to make a product you must be sure that the material has the correct - Is the material: Property/Characteristic: a distinctive or distinguishing feature or quality - soft or hard - flexible or non-flexible - clear or hard to see through - does it conduct electricity

Natural material that comes from something that is or was once alive WoodCotton Organic Material

Natural material that comes from minerals that were never alive StoneMetal Ceramics Inorganic Material Water

Wood Can be grown to be replaced Renewable Material

Crude Oil In limited supply and when they are used up there is no way to get anymore Nonrenewable Material

Mechanical Properties How a material reacts when a force is applied to it Strength:Ability to withstand forces of tension & compression Elasticity:Ability to stretch out of shape & return to the original shape Hardness:Ability to withstand scratches, dents & cuts Fatigue:Ability to withstand bending & flexing

Wood Wood is an organic & renewable material Wood can be classified as Wood can be used to makeFurniture, Fuel & Paper Hardwood Comes from trees that lose their leaves during cold or dry seasons Softwood Comes from trees that produce cones and keep their leaves all year long MapleOakPine

Paper Created by combining and bonding fibers Most common source of these fibers is wood pulp Common uses of paper Communication Writing & Printing Entertainment Books, magazines, art, newspapers Packaging Boxes, bags, envelopes Paper is an organic & renewable material

Metal Mined from natural rock deposits Metal can be processed into many different shapes Alloys: Steel (Iron & Carbon) and Bronze (Copper & Tin) are alloys Metal is an inorganic & nonrenewable material Created by combining two or more metals

Ceramics Made from inorganic, mostly nonmetallic minerals (clay, sand or quartz) High temperatures are used to fuse these minerals into products Most ceramics are thermosetting - once they are heated & formed they can never be softened again The ceramic that is not thermosetting and can be recycled is:

Ceramics Products made from ceramics Bricks Dinnerware Bathroom Fixtures Space Shuttle Tiles Pottery

Plastic Plastic is a Synthetic Material: Man made - Not found in nature Plastic is formed into products using heat & pressure Most plastics are made from petroleum Plastics can be classified as Thermoplastic When no longer needed the parts can be melted and formed into new products Can be recycled Thermosetting Plastic Can only be heated and formed into a product once Cannot be recycled

Adhesives Material that chemically attaches two or more surfaces together Commonly Used Adhesives: White Glue: Elmer’s Glue Epoxy: Strong glue – bonded by mixing resin & hardener Cyanoacrylate: Super Glue Hot Melt Adhesive: Hot Glue Gun

Composites Some composites are made by bonding with an adhesive the following: - wood or wood fibers - glass carbon or fiberglass - Kevlar - metal Concrete: Material created by combining two or more materials This new material that is better than the original materials are on their own Composite made by mixing sand, gravel & cement

Composites Composites have become a popular material for sports equipment because they are lightweight & durable

Solvents Substances that can dissolve or disperse one or more other substances Used in products such as paints, adhesives, cleaning products, dyes & inks The most common solvent in every day life is… Water Many solvents can be very harmful to your health if they are: - ingested - inhaled - contact your skin Some solvents can also be very harmful to the environment if they are allowed to spill into the soil Use With Caution!!! Many solvents are flammable

Learning Standards 1. Materials, Tools & Machines Appropriate materials, tools and machines enable us to solve problems, invent, and construct 1.2 Identify and explain appropriate measuring tools, hand tools, and power tools to hold, lift, carry, fasten, and separate, and explain their safe and proper use. 1.3 Identify and explain the safe an proper use of measuring tools, hand tools, and machines (e.g., band saw, drill press, sander, hammer, screwdriver, pliers, tape measure, screws, nails, and other mechanical fasteners) needed to construct a prototype of an engineering design.

Learning Objectives At the conclusion of the lesson students will be able to: 1) List & describe 3 types of tools (Hand Tools, Power Tools & Measuring Tools) 2) Understand the importance of the safe use of tools

Tools Instruments that increase ability to do work

Hand Tools Tools powered by human muscle HammersSaws Brace & Bits Utility Knife Tin SnipsScrewdrivers Pliers Wrenches

Power Tools Tools with a power system Band SawDrill Press Circular SawPower Drill Power Nailer Sander Table Saw

Measuring Tools Used to identify size, shape, weight, distance, density or volume Tape MeasureProtractorCalipers Carpenter’s Level Ruler Combination Square Triple Beam Balance

Tool Safety Rules  Eye protection  Heat resistant gloves when working with hot materials  Do not wear clothing that may get caught in spinning equipment - Roll up sleeves  Keep fingers away from moving parts of machinery  Ear protection  Steel-toed boots Clothing  Work gloves Pay Attention to Surroundings  Never leave a running machine unattended  Concentrate on task when using equipment  Make sure the area is clear before you start a machine  Hard Hat  Dust Mask  Tie long hair back

Tool Safety Rules  Do not work alone  Observe and follow safety signs and warnings REDDANGERYELLOWCAUTION  Do not use dull tools  Do not use broken tools or equipment  Do not use tools to perform a job that it was not intended for  Only use tools that you have been instructed how to use properly Know What You Are Doing  Always cut away from yourself