1. Chapter 14 Continued

2. Structural Materials
Are those used to support heavy loads or to hold the structure rigid.
They are chose for strength and stiffness.
Wood, steel, aluminum, concrete, masonry, plastics, and adhesives.

3. Wood Softwood Fir, Pine, Spruce Used for framework Hardwood
Cherry, Oak, Maple
Used for their beauty and durability in cabinets, floors, and trims.

4. Metals such as steel Advantages Very strong and rigid
Can be formed into various structural shapes
Can be welded together
Disadvantages
May rust or corrode
When steel is exposed to temperature above 700 Degrees it will lose its strength.

5. Metal such as Aluminum
Aluminum is a metal used when light weight and resistance to corrosion are important
It can be formed into a variety of shapes.
Can be formed into beams, rods, and wire.
Can be welded or fastened togetherwith rivets or bolts.

6. Concrete Is a mixture of sand, gravel, water, and Portland cement.
When properly cured it is a very strong material.
Curing is not simply “drying.” It is a chemical reaction, called Hydration, that makes the concrete hard and strong.

7. Concrete Advantage Strong Moldable Forms almost any kind of shape
Can be made into blocks
Separate concrete units can be joined to form structures
Disadvantages
Heavy
Must be prepared properly
Poured Carefully
Finished and cured correctly.
May Crack/Crumble

8. Masonry
A broad term that includes both natural materials (such as stone) and manufactured products (such as bricks and concrete blocks.)

9. Masonry Advantages Fireproof Sturdy structural material Disadvantage
More costly than wood
Must be laid properly
Mortar that holds brick or stone tends to crumble over time.

10. Plastics Plastic pipe is now used in most plumbing systems.
Plastic is used to make many insulating materials.
Plastics are now being used for roofing materials, liquid storage tanks, exterior siding, protective coatings, and fasteners.

11. Geotextiles Another new application of plastics
Large pieces of plastic cloth.
Used on slopes along highways to help keep soil in place and prevent erosion.
Buildings can be made from these materials

12. Adhesives Used to bond together, or adhere, two objects. Example, Glue
Strong adhesives are being used more and more in place of nails in construction.

13. Other materials in construction
Roofing material
Vinyl siding
Insulation
Drywall
Electrical wiring and lighting
Plumbing supplies and fixtures
Heating and Cooling Systems

14. Four basic types of Tools
Hand Tools
Portable Tools
Light equipment
Heavy equipment

15. Hand Tools
Hammers
Saws
Screwdrivers
Shovels
Wrenches

16. Portable Power Tools Powered by electricity or air
Electrically powered saws
Drills
Air powered nail guns and staplers.

17. Light Equipment Equipment that can be moved fairly easy. Ladders
Laser Equipment
Sawhorse.

18. Heavy Equipment Is large and powerful Cranes Bulldozers Backhoes
trucks