The Intel Microprocessors. --from 8086 to Pentium The Intel Microprocessors --from 8086 to Pentium Architecture, Programming and Interfacing

Content Arrangement Reference book Final score

1. Architecture 2. Programming 3. Interfacing

Memory CPU 1. Architecture Printer I/O 3. Interfacing 2. Programming

1. Architecture 1.1 The architecture of CPU 1.2 Addressing modes

Internal Microprocessor Architecture EAX AH (AX) AL BH (BX) BL CH (CX) CL DH (DX) DL SP BP DI SI Accumulator EBX Base index DR ECX Count EDX Data ESP Stack pointer PR EBP Base pointer EDI Destination index IR ESI Source index

Internal Microprocessor Architecture IP FLAGS Instruction pointer EIP Flags EFLAGS Special purpose registers CS DS ES SS FS GS Code Data Extra Stack Segment registers

1. Architecture 2. Programming 3. Interfacing

2. Programming 2.1 Data movement instructions 2.2 Arithmetic and logic instructions 2.3 Program control instructions

program .DATA NUM DB 34H TABLE DW 0012H,0033H,5687H .CODE .STARTUP MOV BX,OFFSET TABLE MOV AX,[BX+4] MOV CX,88H MUL CX CMP AX,2000H JAE NEXT OUT AX,P8 .EXIT END

Application languages /application program High-level languages /compiler &interpretative program Assembly language/ assembly program Keyboard command and system primitive / operating system Machine instruction system/ CPU

1. Architecture 2. Programming 3. Interfacing

3. Interfacing 1 8088/8086 hardware specifications 2 Memory interface 3 Basic I/O interface 4 Interrupts 5 Direct memory access and DMA-controlled I/O

8088 hardware specifications

Memory interface

Content Arrangement Reference book Final score

request Familiar with Addressing mode programming with assembly language interfacing of microprocessor

What we can do after learning this Programming in assembly language in certain real-time system ,memory limited system or embedded system Design interfacing and writing drivers

Content Arrangement Reference book Final score

Reference Books 微型计算机原理及应用 周明德 编著 清华大学出版社 IBM-PC汇编语言程序设计 沈美明主编，清华大学出版社 汇编语言与微机原理教程 顾元刚主编，电子工业出版社 The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers (Volumes I & II): Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing (4th Edition)  清华大学出版社

Reference Lessons Operating system 操作系统 Computer architecture 计算机体系结构

Content Arrangement Reference book Final score

Homework & Attendance:10% Final Exam: 70% Middle Exam:20% Homework & Attendance:10% This may be revised according to the needs.

Now let’s begin our exploration in microprocessor.

Chapter 1 Introduction to The Microprocessor and PC

Chapter 1: What mankind has done before the microprocessor finally came out? 2. How many parts are there in the microprocessor ?

Chapter 1: Introduction to The Microprocessor and PC 1.1 A Historical Background 1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor

1.1 A Historical Background

1.1 A Historical Background A. The Mechanical Age Abacus (Babylonians) Analytical engine (Babbage, punched cards, 1823,failure)

1.1 A Historical Background B. The Electrical Age Motor-driven adding machines, based on mechanical calculator (Hollerith, set up IBM-International Business Machines Corporation) First electronic calculating machine Z3 (German, Konrad Zuse,1942) The first general-purpose, programmable electronic computer ENIAC (University of Pennsylvania, 1946)

ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator [Computer] 电子数字积分计算机

ENIAC

ENIAC

ENIAC

1.1 A Historical Background C. The Microprocessor Age (Intel) Date Part Data Bus Width Memory Size 4004 4 1979 8088 8 1M 1989 80486sx 32 4G+16kcache 1993 Petium 64 1997 Petium II 64G+32kl1 cache+512kl2cache

Intel 4004

Intel 8088

Intel Petium

Intel Petium II

The Moore’s Law: the number of transistors integrated in a chip will double very 18 or 24 mouths

1.1 A Historical Background D. The Future of Microprocessors The process speed will get more faster The memory will get more large The bulk will get more smaller The width of data bus will increase Architecture will get more efficient

1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor

1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor Question: If we use a computer to figure out an arithmetic expression, how can it finish this work? 133*33+44*14

1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor 133*33+44*14 First input these numbers. Do the calculating work. Store The result Output the result. Control this processing.

1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor 133*33+44*14 calculator Input device Output device memory data bus Control bus controller

1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor Address bus Micro- processor Memory Data bus Interface Control bus External devices BUS definition p25

1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor Bus: P25 Address bus requests a memory location from the memory or an I/O location from the I/O devices. Data bus transfers information between the microprocessor and its memory and I/O address space. Control bus contains lines that select the memory or I/O and cause them to perform a read or write operation.

1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor

1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor

1.2 PC Based on Microprocessor A. Relationship Figure microprocessor ALU controller PC register internal memory I/O interface PC system I/O Devices & external memory system software application software power、panel、pc frame, etc