Property of Lear Siegler

Property of Lear Sielger General and Visual Flight Rules for Rotary Wing Aircraft Property of Lear Sielger

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the completion of this lesson the student will: Action: Plan a flight Condition: Given a VFR flight mission, required equipment, charts and publications Standard: In Accordance With (IAW) Army Regulation (AR) 95-1, 14 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Part 91, Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and the Sectional Aeronautical Chart Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #1 Action: Select the applicable publication concerning rules or regulations governing flight conditions Condition: Given a condition of flight within U.S. airspace and a copy of AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91 Standard: IAW AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

AR 95-1 Applicability: This regulation applies to all Army, Army National Guard of the United States, and U.S. Army Reserve aircraft systems and persons involved in the operation, aviation training, standardization, and maintenance of such aircraft and systems. Property of Lear Sielger

AR 95-1 Purpose: This regulation establishes procedures, policies, and responsibilities for aircrew training, standardization, and the operation of Army aircraft. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger 14 CFR PART 91 Applicability: a. Applies only in the United States and it’s territories. b. Applies to both civil and military aircraft Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger 14 CFR PART 91 Purpose: a. Regulates the operation of aircraft. b. Regulates the actions of airmen. c. Defines and regulates airspace. Limits: a. Does not apply to operations over high seas. b. Pilot may deviate for safety of flight. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger EMERGENCIES! Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger EMERGENCIES: AR 95-1 para 1-6. Deviations a. Individuals may deviate from provisions of this regulation during emergencies. b. Individuals who deviate from the provisions of this regulation, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), or host country regulations must report details of the incident directly to their unit commander. The incident must be reported within 24 hours after it occurs. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #2 Action: Select the basic VFR cloud clearances governing flight in controlled airspace Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW FAR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

Basic VFR Cloud Clearance in Class B Airspace 3 SM Visibility Clear of Clouds Property of Lear Sielger

Basic VFR Cloud Clearance in Class C and Class D Airspace 1000’ above 500’ below 2000’ horizontal 3 SM Visibility Property of Lear Sielger

Basic VFR Cloud Clearance in Class E Airspace 18,000 feet MSL 1000’ above 1000’ below 5 SM Visibility 1 SM horizontal = > 10,000 feet MSL < 10,000 feet MSL 1000’ above 500’ below 2000’ horizontal 3 SM Visibility Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #3 Action: Select the correct rules/regulations governing flight within Class A airspace Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

CONTROLLED AIRSPACE Airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification. Airspace classifications are Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger CLASS E Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger CLASS A Airspace designated in 14 CFR Part 71, within which there is positive control of aircraft. Class A airspace is designated throughout most of the conterminous United States. Property of Lear Sielger

Operating requirements in Class A - All IFR Dimensions - Class A Flight Level 600 Operating requirements in Class A - All IFR Dimensions - Class A 18,000 Feet MSL Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #4 Action: Select regulations governing Class B airspace Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger CLASS B Controlled airspace extending upward from the surface or higher to specified altitudes within which all aircraft are subject to operating rules and pilot and equipment requirements specified in 14 CFR part 91. (The nation’s busiest airports in terms of IFR operations or passenger enplanements.) Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Class B - Profile View Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger PRIMARY AIRPORT BLUE CONCENTRIC CIRCLES LATERAL DIMENSIONS AS DEPICTED VERTICAL DIMENSIONS AS CHARTED Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger PRIMARY AIRPORT BLUE CONCENTRIC CIRCLES LATERAL DIMENSIONS AS DEPICTED VERTICAL DIMENSIONS AS CHARTED Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger MODE “C” VEIL MAGENTA CONCENTRIC CIRCLE LATERAL DIMENSIONS - THIRTY NAUTICAL MILES FROM CENTER OF PRIMARY AIRPORT VERTICAL DIMENSIONS SURFACE TO 10,000 FEET MSL Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger CEILING - 10,000 FT MSL MODE C 30 NM 30 NM MODE C 30 NM Mode C Veil Property of Lear Sielger

Mode C Veil

Operating Requirements: Class B Operating Requirements: • ATC Clearance required prior to entry. • 4096 Code Transponder with Mode C required while operating within the thirty mile veil. • Maintain 3 SM visibility and remain clear of clouds. Property of Lear Sielger

VFR Cloud Clearance in Class B Airspace Clear Of Clouds 3 SM Visibility Property of Lear Sielger

Operating within the thirty nautical mile veil (outside of Class B): • Two-way radio and initial contact not required. • Mode C and squawking VFR (1200) is required. • VFR cloud clearances for airspace classification. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #5 Action: Select regulations governing flight within Class C airspace Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS C Regulatory airspace surrounding designated airports wherein ATC provides radar vectoring and sequencing on a full time basis for all VFR and IFR aircraft. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger PRIMARY AIRPORT MAGENTA CONCENTRIC CIRCLES 5NM 10NM LATERAL DIMENSIONS DEPICTED VERTICAL DIMENSIONS CHARTED CLASS C AIRSPACE Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger PRIMARY AIRPORT MAGENTA CONCENTRIC CIRCLES LATERAL DIMENSIONS DEPICTED VERTICAL DIMENSIONS CHARTED CLASS C AIRSPACE Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Core surface area - surface to 4,000 feet above airport elevation and 5 NM radius from airport center. 5 NM 4,000 FT Class C Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Shelf area - 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above airport elevation and 10 NM radius from airport center. 10 NM 1,200 FT to 4,000 FT Class C Property of Lear Sielger

Operating Requirements: Class C Operating Requirements: • Mandatory use is required within 10NM and two-way radio communication must be maintained while within Class C airspace. • Mode C required within and above all Class C airspace up to 10,000 ft MSL. Property of Lear Sielger

Operating Requirements: Class C Operating Requirements: • Operations from satellite airports located within Class C airspace require two-way radio communications with the ATC facility having jurisdiction over the airspace. • Basic VFR cloud clearances apply. Property of Lear Sielger

Basic VFR Cloud Clearance in Class C Airspace 1000’ above 500’ below 3 SM Visibility 2000’ horizontal Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #6 Action: Select regulations governing flight within Class D airspace Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS D Controlled airspace around an airport at which a control tower is operating. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger PRIMARY AIRPORT BLUE SEGMENTED LINE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES TAILORED VERTICAL LIMITS CHARTED CLASS D AIRSPACE Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger PRIMARY AIRPORT BLUE SEGMENTED LINE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES TAILORED VERTICAL LIMITS CHARTED CLASS D AIRSPACE Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation,horizontal boundaries individually tailored. 2,500 FT CLASS D Property of Lear Sielger

Operating Requirements: Class D Operating Requirements: • Required to establish radio communications for operations within Class D airspace. • Communications required if landing or departing to/from satellite airports within the Class D airspace. • Maintain basic cloud clearance and visibility. Property of Lear Sielger

Basic VFR Cloud Clearance in Class D Airspace 1000’ above 500’ below 3 SM Visibility 2000’ horizontal Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #7 Action: Select regulations governing flight within Class E airspace Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS E If airspace is controlled airspace and it is not Class A, B, C, or D, it is Class E airspace. Class E airspace begins at the surface or a higher specified altitude, and extends upward to the overlying controlled airspace. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger SURFACE BASED CLASS E 1. An airport without a control tower. 2. Exists when the operating control tower shuts down and an approved weather observation system is in operation and communications are available to the surface. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger SURFACE BASED CLASS E 3. Extensions to surface areas of other controlled airspace. Property of Lear Sielger

SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE NO CONTROL TOWER MANGENTA SEGMENTED LINE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES TAILORED SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE NO CONTROL TOWER Property of Lear Sielger

SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE NO CONTROL TOWER MAGENTA SEGMENTED LINE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES TAILORED SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE NO CONTROL TOWER Property of Lear Sielger

SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE TOWER SHUTS DOWN CONTROL TOWER SHUTS DOWN BLUE SEGMENTED LINE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES TAILORED SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE TOWER SHUTS DOWN Property of Lear Sielger

SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE TOWER SHUTS DOWN CONTROL TOWER SHUTS DOWN BLUE SEGMENTED LINE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES TAILORED SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE TOWER SHUTS DOWN Property of Lear Sielger

SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE EXTENSION TO SURFACE AREA MAGENTA SEGMENTED LINE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES TAILORED SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE EXTENSION TO SURFACE AREA Property of Lear Sielger

SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE EXTENSION TO SURFACE AREA MAGENTA SEGMENTED LINE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES TAILORED SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACE EXTENSION TO SURFACE AREA Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger CLASS E ALOFT AREAS 1. Controlled airspace beginning at 700 FT or 1200 FT AGL used to transition from the terminal or enroute environment. 2. Controlled airspace beginning at a higher MSL altitude. Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS 700 FT BASE INSIDE OF MAGENTA VIGNETTE = 700 FT AGL BASE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES TAILORED CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS 700 FT BASE Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS 700 FT BASE INSIDE OF MAGENTA VIGNETTE = 700 FT AGL BASE HORIZONTAL BOUNDARIES TAILORED CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS 700 FT BASE Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS 1200 FT AGL BASE OUTSIDE OF MAGENTA = 1200 FT AGL BASE CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS 1200 FT AGL BASE Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS 1200 FT AGL BASE OUTSIDE OF MAGENTA = 1200 FT AGL BASE CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS 1200 FT AGL BASE Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS INSIDE OF BLUE VIGNETTE = BASE 10,500 FT MSL (IN THIS EXAMPLE) CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS 1200 FT AGL BASE OR HIGHER WHEN ABUTTING CLASS G AIRSPACE Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS INSIDE OF BLUE VIGNETTE = BASE 10,500 FT MSL (IN THIS EXAMPLE) CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS 1200 FT AGL BASE OR HIGHER WHEN ABUTTING CLASS G AIRSPACE Property of Lear Sielger

FLOOR OF CLASS E AIRSPACE IS GREATER THAN 700 FT AGL IN AREA DESIGNATED BY “TRACTOR TREAD” DESIGN CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS FLOORS GREATER THAN 700 FT AGL Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS BASE 14,500 FT MSL THE FLOOR OF CLASS E AIRSPACE IS AT 14,500 FT MSL UNLESS DESIGNATED AT A LOWER ALTITUDE CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS BASE 14,500 FT MSL Property of Lear Sielger

Operating Requirements: Class E Operating Requirements: • No Special Equipment requirements when less than 10,000 FT MSL. If at or above 10,000 FT MSL, transponder with Mode C capability is required. • Maintain basic VFR cloud clearance requirements for flight altitude. Property of Lear Sielger

Basic VFR Cloud Clearance in Class E Airspace 1000’ above 1000’ below 5 SM Visibility 1 SM horizontal = > 10,000 feet MSL < 10,000 feet MSL 1000’ above 500’ below 2000’ horizontal 3 SM Visibility Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #8 Action: Select regulations governing flight within Class G airspace Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

CLASS G That portion of the airspace that has not been designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E airspace is Class G. Property of Lear Sielger

Class G Dimensions Airspace outside of or below controlled airspace. Property of Lear Sielger

Class G equipment requirements: VFR - none CLASS E Property of Lear Sielger

Class G, at or below 1,200 FT AGL, regardless of MSL altitude; operate clear of clouds, at a rate of speed to see and avoid obstacles and other traffic, 1/2 mile vis day, 1 mile vis night. CLASS E Property of Lear Sielger

maintain 1 SM visibility day, 3 SM visibility night. Class G, above 1,200 FT AGL, but below 10,000 FT MSL; 500 FT below clouds, 1000 FT above clouds, 2000 FT horizontally from clouds, maintain 1 SM visibility day, 3 SM visibility night. CLASS E Property of Lear Sielger

Class G, above 1,200 FT AGL and at or above 10,000 FT MSL; 1000 FT below clouds, 1000 FT above clouds, 1 mile horizontally from clouds, and maintain 5 SM visibility. CLASS E Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #9 Action: Identify requirements for Special VFR flight Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

SPECIAL VFR REQUIREMENTS: 1. Air Traffic Control clearance required. 2. Operating within the lateral boundaries of surface areas of controlled airspace designated for an airport, when the weather is below 1,000 FT ceiling and visibility is less than 3 SM. 3. Maintain clear of clouds and 1/2 mile visibility unless higher minimums are required at the airfield. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #10 Action: Select regulations governing flight in an Airport Advisory Area Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW FAR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

Airport Advisory Area (AAA) The area around an airport without a control tower, or where the tower is not in operation, but where a Flight Service Station is located and operational. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger NO CONTROL TOWER IN OPERATION FSS OPERATIONAL 10 SM FROM CENTER OF AIRPORT, SURFACE TO INDEFINITE. AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA Property of Lear Sielger

AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA Surface to indefinite, 10 SM Surface to indefinite, horizontal boundaries 10 SM radius from airport center. AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA Property of Lear Sielger

Operating Requirements: Airport Advisory Area Operating Requirements: • VFR, recommended to maintain two-way radio communications while operating in the Airport Advisory Area. • Maintain basic VFR cloud clearance requirements for flight altitude. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #11 Action: Select regulations governing flight with Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSA’s) Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

Terminal Radar Service Area Part of the radar service program at selected airports. The TRSA’s do not fit into any of the U.S. airspace classes. Primary airports become Class D airspace. The TRSA will overlie other controlled airspace, usually Class E. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger CLASS D AT PRIMARY AIRPORT SOLID BLACK LINES LATERAL DIMENSIONS AS DEPICTED VERTICAL DIMENSIONS AS CHARTED TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA Property of Lear Sielger

Terminal Radar Service Area Operating Requirements: • Contact ATC to use services. • Maintain basic VFR cloud clearance requirements for flight altitude. • Comply with ATC instructions. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #12 Action: Select regulations governing flight in Special Use Airspace Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91 Property of Lear Sielger

Special Use Airspace Special Use Airspace consists of that airspace wherein activities must be confined because of their nature, or wherein limitations are imposed upon aircraft operations that are not part of those activities or both. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger BLUE OR MAGENTA FEATHERED LINES VERTICAL DIMENSIONS AS DESIGNATED IN TABULATED DATA ON SOUTH SIDE OF VFR SECTIONAL SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE Property of Lear Sielger

Prohibited Area Established for national security reasons. Flight within this area prohibited. Designated with letter symbol “P” and number designator. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger BLUE FEATHERED LINES AND DESIGNATOR VERTICAL DIMENSIONS AS DESIGNATED IN TABULATED DATA ON SOUTH SIDE OF VFR SECTIONAL PROHIBITED AREA Property of Lear Sielger

Restricted Area Denotes the existence of unusual, often invisible hazards such as aerial gunnery, artillery, or missile firing. Advance permission required. Designated with the letter “R” and number designator. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger BLUE FEATHERED LINES AND DESIGNATOR VERTICAL DIMENSIONS AS DESIGNATED IN TABULATED DATA ON SOUTH SIDE OF VFR SECTIONAL RESTRICTED AREA Property of Lear Sielger

Warning Area Denotes airspace over international waters with hazards similar to restricted areas. Aircraft cannot be restricted from entry since area is over international waters. Designated with letter symbol “W” and number designator. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger BLUE FEATHERED LINES AND DESIGNATOR VERTICAL DIMENSIONS AS DESIGNATED IN TABULATED DATA ON SOUTH SIDE OF VFR SECTIONAL WARNING AREA Property of Lear Sielger

Alert Area Alerts pilots to high volume of pilot training or unusual activity within the area. No restrictions on through flight. Pilots are responsible for collision avoidance. Designated with letter symbol “A” and number designator. Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger BLUE FEATHERED LINES AND DESIGNATOR VERTICAL DIMENSIONS AS DESIGNATED IN TABULATED DATA ON SOUTH SIDE OF VFR SECTIONAL ALERT AREA Property of Lear Sielger

Military Operations Area Alerts pilots to military aircraft which may be performing abrupt maneuvers or aerobatics. No restrictions to through flight. Designated with letter symbol “MOA” and name designator. Property of Lear Sielger

MILITARY OPERATIONS AREA MAGENTA FEATHERED LINES AND DESIGNATOR VERTICAL DIMENSIONS AS DESIGNATED IN TABULATED DATA ON SOUTH SIDE OF VFR SECTIONAL MILITARY OPERATIONS AREA Property of Lear Sielger

Air Defense Identification Zone Airspace within which the identification, location, and control of aircraft are required for national security. VFR traffic flying into the ADIZ must file a Defense VFR (DVFR) flight plan. Designated with magenta line and magenta dots with words “Air Defense Identification Zone.” Property of Lear Sielger

AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE MAGENTA LINE AND DOTS SURFACE TO INDEFINITE AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger Questions? Property of Lear Sielger

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #13 Action: Select regulations governing flight in Temporary Flight Restriction areas Condition: Given a VFR flight situation Standard: IAW Aeronautical Information Manual Property of Lear Sielger

Property of Lear Sielger What is a TFR? Property of Lear Sielger

Causes for the creation of Temporary Flight Restriction areas Provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft. This area is normally limited to within 2000 feet AGL and within a 3-nautical mile radius. Property of Lear Sielger

Protect people and property from existing or imminent hazards Prevent unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft Protect VIP’s Protect space agency operations Property of Lear Sielger

Flying in TFR’s could be hazardous to your health Property of Lear Sielger

NOTICE!!! PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION! Complete the programmed instruction in your student handout at this time. You will need AR 95-1 and the exerts out of FAR Part 91 in the back of your student handout. NOTICE!!! THIS PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION IS TESTABLE MATERIAL! Property of Lear Sielger