Finding the Distance to the Epicenter of an Earthquake!

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Presentation transcript:

Finding the Distance to the Epicenter of an Earthquake! Finding an Epicenter Finding the Distance to the Epicenter of an Earthquake!

What is an Epicenter? A point on the surface of the Earth directly above the FOCUS of the earthquake. The point within the Earth from which earthquake waves originate.

Use the data from the recording stations: Station A: San Francisco, California P-Wave arrival 3:02:20 S-Wave arrival 3:06:30 What is the time difference between P and S wave arrivals? 4:10

Use the data from the recording stations: Station B: Denver, Colorado P-Wave arrival 3:01:40 S-Wave arrival 3:05:00 What is the time difference between P and S wave arrivals? 3:20

Use the data from the recording stations: Station C: Missoula, Montana P-Wave arrival 3:01:00 S-Wave arrival 3:03:00 What is the time difference between P and S wave arrivals? 2:00

Difference in arrival times: San Francisco: 4:10 Denver, Colorado: 3:20 Missoula, Montana: 2:00

TAKE A PIECE OF PAPER, AND MARK OFF THE DIFFERENCE IN ARRIVAL TIME

MOVE THE PAPER UNTIL THE TWO TICK MARKS LINE UP WITH THE P AND S CURVES WHEN TICK MARKS LINE UP, GO STRAIGHT DOWN AND READ THE EPICENTER DISTANCE EPICENTER DISTANCE OF 2800 KM

EPICENTER DISTANCES San Francisco: 4:10 Denver, Colorado: 3:20 2,800km Denver, Colorado: 3:20 2,000km Missoula, Montana 2:00 1100km

Recording Board Difference in arrival times: San Francisco: 4:10 2,800km Open your compass to the EXACT distance on the scale. 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000

. . . Use your carefully set compass to draw a circle around each city. . . . You've found the epicenter!

Finding the Earthquake Origin Time You take a distance to epicenter that you have already determined, or one given to you Let’s say the epicenter distance is 4400km, and the arrival time is 3:21:15 PM Well, use your ESRT and do some time math!!! Let’s try it

Do it! Find the distance on the horizontal axis. P wave travel time = 00:07:40 Find the distance on the horizontal axis. Go up to the point where you hit the P-wave travel line. Go over to the vertical axis and read off the travel time for the P-wave. Epicenter dis = 4400km

Now, do the math! Take the arrival time, and subtract the travel time from it! 3:21:15 – 00:07:40 = 3:13:35 So, the origin time of the Earthquake is 3:13:35 PM. Now YOU try it for San Francisco!!