New college English

Unit Three

I Preparation II Reading Activities III Further Development IV Translation & Writing

Part I Preparation 1. Group Discussion 2. Proverbs and Sayings 3.Short Speech 4.A Song -- Hero

Activity 1 Group Discussion What does winning mean?  Step One Walk around the classroom and ask five classmates about what winning means to each of them.

Activity 1 Group Discussion  Step Two Work in groups to put together the answers you all got. Try to find the most popular understanding of winning among students and report it to the whole class. The following words and phrases may be useful to you: Wealth, achievement, contribution, overcome, hardship, background, get along with, deal with, champion, consider, health

 People often ask me if I now the secret of success, and if I could tell others how to make their dreams come true. My answer is, you do it by work. —Walt Disney  人们经常问我是否知道成功的诀窍，能否告之如何使梦 想成为现实, 我的回答是 : 身体力行。  Will, work and wait are the three pyramidal cornerstones for success. —Louis Pasteur  意志、工作和等待是成功金字塔的基石。 Activity 2 proverbs and sayings

 They all set models for the young.  They are hardworking, brave and iron-willed.  They all played an important part in the history of our human beings. Activity 2 Guessing Work

He was born in Atlanta on January 15, 1929 After the bus boycott, he was elected president and gained national prominence for his role in the campaign. On August 28, 1963, more than 250, 000 protesters gathered in Washington, D.C., where he delivered a famous speech. The speech is “I Have a Dream”. Activity 2 Guessing work Martin Luther King.Jr. Great Civil rights leader Famous speech “I Have A Dream”

Born on Oct. 28, 1955, he grew up in Seattle with his two sisters. He discovered his interest in software and began programming computers at the age of 13. He left Harvard to devote his energy to Microsoft, a company he started in His foresight and his vision for personal computing have been central to the success of Microsoft and the software industry. Activity 2 Guessing work William H. Gates Chairman and Chief Software Architect Microsoft Corporation

She was Britain’s first woman Prime Minister She was born in 1925, the daughter of a grocer who was active in local politics, eventually becoming mayor of Grantham. As an undergraduate she was President of the Oxford University Conservative Association. Her writings include two volumes of memoirs, The Downing Street Years (1993) and The Path to Power (1995). Activity 2 Guessing work Mrs. Margaret Thatcher Britain's first woman Prime Minister.

 Listen to a song Hero and try to answer questions: Who is a true hero in your mind? What qualities should a hero have? Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

 Hero  There's a hero If you look inside your heart You don't have to be afraid Of what you are There's an answer If you reach into your soul And the sorrow that you know Will melt away Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

 And then a hero comes along With the strength to carry on And you cast your fears aside And you know you can survive So when you feel like hope is gone Look inside you and be strong And you'll finally see the truth That a hero lies in you Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

 It's a long road When you face the world alone No one reaches out a hand For you to hold You can find love If you search within yourself And the emptiness you felt Will disappear Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

 And then a hero comes along With the strength to carry on And you cast your fears aside And you know you can survive So when you feel like hope is gone Look inside you and be strong And you'll finally see the truth That a hero lies in you Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

 Lord knows Dreams are hard to follow But don't let anyone Tear them away Hold on There will be tomorrow In time You'll find the way Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

 And then a hero comes along With the strength to carry on And you cast your fears aside And you know you can survive So when you feel like hope is gone Look inside you and be strong And you'll finally see the truth That a hero lies in you Activity 3 A Song -- Hero

 People often ask me if I now the secret of success, and if I could tell others how to make their dreams come true. My answer is, you do it by work. —Walt Disney  人们经常问我是否知道成功的诀窍，能否告之如何使梦 想成为现实, 我的回答是 : 身体力行。  Will, work and wait are the three pyramidal cornerstones for success. —Louis Pasteur  意志、工作和等待是成功金字塔的基石。 Activity 4 proverbs and sayings

Part II Reading Activities 1. Pre-reading Questions 2. Text Organization 3. Sentence Study 4. Words & Phrases

Unit 3 Born to Win

 What does the word “winner” mean in this article?  A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive, both as an individual and as a member of society. Pre-reading Questions

 What are the characteristics of a winner?  A winner is genuine.  A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. and to use his own knowledge.  A winner is flexible.  A winner has a love for life.  A winner cares about the world and its people. Pre-reading Questions

 What are the characteristics of a loser?  A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior.  A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. Pre-reading Questions

Text Organization Each person is born with what he needs to win at life.  A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy  and responsive, both as an individual and as a member of a society.  A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely. Introduction Para.1 Introduction Para. 2 The meanings of “winner” and “loser” Para.3 Few people are winners and losers all the time.  A winner is genuine.  A winner is independent in thinking.  A winner is flexible.  A winner has a love for life.  A winner cares about the world and its people. Para. 4-7 Characteristics of a winner

Text Organization Para. 8—10 Losers 1. Possible causes: poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationships, disease, Continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care, etc. 2. Characteristics of a loser He is afraid to try new things. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love.

1.When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who defeats the other person by dominating and making him lose. (Line 6) Sentence Study 【句型】 When we refer to… as…, we don’t mean… 当我们将 ······ 看作 ······ 的时候，我们并不 是说 ······

【例句】 Sentence Study When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. 当我们将某人称作胜者时，我们并非指他是一个 致使他人一败涂地的人. When we refer to the computer as the dominant machine in the future, we do not mean they will take the place of human beings. 当我们认为计算机是未来的主宰机器时，我们并 不是说它们将会代替人类。

【译文】 Sentence Study 当我们把一个人称作是成功者时，我们 所指的并不是那种通过优势控制他人、 令其失败而获得成功的人。

2. Without guilt he enjoys his own accomplishments. Without envy he enjoys the accomplishments of others. (Line 30) Sentence Study 【句型】 这两句话既是排比，又有对比的 意思。并且因为押头韵，读起来 琅琅上口，使文章增色不少。

Sentence Study 【例句】 Without money I tell myself to work hard to make more. Without time I dream to pay for freedom. 没有钱的时候，我告诫自己努力工作挣更多 的钱；没有时间的时候，我又梦想着用钱来 买自由。 【译文】 他能享受自己的成功而不感到愧疚，他也能 欣赏他人的成功而不感到妒忌。

3. Although people are born to win, they are also born totally dependent on their environment. (Line 36) Sentence Study 主语的补足语，通常位于主语之前或 谓语动词及分词之后，补充说明主语。 【译文】 即使人们生来注定会成功，但也是生来 就要完全依赖于周围环境的

【例句】 Sentence Study 1) 主语补语位于主语之前，后有逗号 Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 2) 有时位于主语之后，前后皆有逗号 Chen, only 1.30 meters tall, won the first prize. 3) 位于谓语动词之后。 He died young. He was found died. 4) 除形容词外，名词、数词、不定式、分词、 介词短语、从句也可作主语补足语。 过去分词短语作 主语补足语 He came home quite changed. 过去分词短语作 主语补足语

4. Somewhere along the line losers begin to avoid becoming independent. (Line 38) Sentence Study 在这一过程的某个时候，失败 者开始逃避独立。 【译文】在这一过程的某个时候，失败 者开始逃避独立。

[ 用法 ] Sentence Study 跟动名词作宾语的动词还有： mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, advocate, suggest, delay, quit, forgive, admit, tolerate, escape, consider, give up, be capable of doing, have trouble/difficult/a problem + doing, succeed in doing, keep/prevent... from doing, cannot help/cannot help but do, keep (on), spend + n. + doing, be skilled/skillful at/in doing

【例句】 Sentence Study You must avoid giving any unnecessary information. 你应该尽量避免提供不必要的信息。 China is to avoid experiencing big ups and downs in economy in the coming year. 中国将在未来一年里避免经济有大的 起伏 。

Words & Phrases 1.unique (Line 1) adj. being the only one of its type of its type 唯一的，独一无二的；独特的，无双的 唯一的，独一无二的；独特的，无双的 【例句】 1)Drug abuse is by no means a unique problem to the region. 2)That building is unique because all the others like it were destroyed.

Words & Phrases 常用搭配 unique opportunity 千载难逢的机会 unique ability 独有的能力 unique work of art 独一无二的艺术作品 unique talent 无与伦比的才能 unique wish 唯一的愿望

Words & Phrases 2. potential (Line 3n. possibility 2. potential (Line 3 ): 1) n. possibility for developing or being developed for developing or being developed 潜力；潜能 潜力；潜能 2) adj. that may happen or become so, 2) adj. that may happen or become so, although not actually existing at present 潜在的 ; 可能的 although not actually existing at present 潜在的 ; 可能的 【例句】 1)Athens Olympic gold medalists Li Ting and Sun Tiantian are young tennis players with great potential. 2)That type of MP3-capable mobile phone has a large potential market.

Words & Phrases 3. refer to  as (Line 6) mention or speak about someone or something mention or speak about someone or something 把 ······ 称作 把 ······ 称作 【例句】 1)The speaker referred to him as an up-and-coming politician. 2)Chinese pop music fans refer to Hong Kong SAR veteran singers Liu Dehua, Zhang Xueyou, Li Ming and Guo Fucheng as “ Four Heavenly Kings”.

Words & Phrases 4. dominate (Line 7) v. have or exercise control or power over 支配；统治；控制. n. domination 支配；统治；控制. n. domination 【例句】 1)Capable leaders can dominate others by force of character. With remarkable skills and great confidence, Swiss Roger Federer can dominate today’s ultra-competitive men’s tennis world. 2) With remarkable skills and great confidence, Swiss Roger Federer can dominate today’s ultra-competitive men’s tennis world.

Words & Phrases 5. genuinely (Line 8) adv. sincerely, truly, honestly 真诚地；确实，真正地 【例句】 She was genuinely surprised about what he said. 1) She was genuinely surprised about what he said. The government’s new higher taxes are genuinely beginning to bite. 2) The government’s new higher taxes are genuinely beginning to bite.

Words & Phrases adj. genuine: real, not false; sincere; frank real, not false; sincere; frank 1) 真的，名副其实的 ; 2) 真诚的，真实的 【例句】 1)That jacket is made of genuine leather. 2)His genuine speaking touched all the listeners. 3)Genuine gold/friend/support/painting 真正的 ······ genuine passion / affection / pride / desire / hatred / love / regret / enthusiasm 真实的 ······ genuine passion / affection / pride / desire / hatred / love / regret / enthusiasm 真实的 ······

Words & Phrases 6. capacity (Line 12) n. 1) the ability to do a particular thing 能力，才智 n. 1) the ability to do a particular thing 能力，才智 2) the amount that something can hold or 2) the amount that something can hold or contain contain 容量，容积，容纳力 容量，容积，容纳力 【例句】 She has a mind of great capacity 1) She has a mind of great capacity. That original novel in English is far beyond the capacity of those non-English major students. 2) That original novel in English is far beyond the capacity of those non-English major students.

Words & Phrases 【例句】 4) That multimedia classroom has a seating Capacity of 100 students Capacity of 100 students The assembly hall was filled to capacity. 5) The assembly hall was filled to capacity.

Words & Phrases 7. capability (Line 4) n. the fact or quality of being able to do something 能力，才能 能力，才能 [ 辨析 ] ability 指某一方面的才能，后通常接不定式。 e.g. That boy has the ability to write novels. e.g. That boy has the ability to write novels. capability 着重强调人的才干，其后可与 of/for doing 连 用。复数形式 capabilities 表示潜在的能力或尚未开发出 来的能力。

Words & Phrases e.g. As an excellent table tennis player, Chinese Wang Hao has the capability of winning the gold medal in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. capacity 常指学习、理解能力或较全面的才能，其后可接 to do / of doing / for doing 。 I appreciated his capacity of/for making friends. e.g. I appreciated his capacity of/for making friends. 我欣赏他的交友能力。

Words & Phrases 8. evaluate (Line 25) v. calculate or judge the value or degree of 评价；评估，估计 评价；评估，估计 【例句】 After careful evaluating all the connoisseurs drew the same conclusion that the pottery was an antique of Ming Dynasty. 1) After careful evaluating all the connoisseurs drew the same conclusion that the pottery was an antique of Ming Dynasty. The head coach will evaluate all the key factors very carefully before deciding which player could take part in the upcoming Olympic Games. 2) The head coach will evaluate all the key factors very carefully before deciding which player could take part in the upcoming Olympic Games.

Words & Phrases 9. flexible (Line 28) adj. 1) that can change or be changed to be suitable adj. 1) that can change or be changed to be suitable for new needs 灵活的，可变通的 for new needs 灵活的，可变通的 2) that can bend or be bent easily 有弹性的，柔韧的 2) that can bend or be bent easily 有弹性的，柔韧的 【例句】 1)It is really necessary for that Oscar-winning actress to design a flexible schedule to handle all kinds of social intercourses. 2)A wise political leader should be flexible in dealing with various economic issues.

Words & Phrases 跳舞的人需要有柔软的身体。 跳舞的人需要有柔软的身体。 弹性塑料管 弹性塑料管 灵活的计划 / 安排 灵活的计划 / 安排 温顺的性格 温顺的性格 软线 软线 弹性工作时间 弹性工作时间 灵活的法则 / 原则 灵活的法则 / 原则 灵活机动的战术 灵活机动的战术 灵活的决策体系 灵活的决策体系 Dancers need to be flexible. flexible plastic tubing flexible plans/arrangements a flexible character flexible cord flexible working hours flexible rules/principles flexible strategy flexible decision-making systems

Words & Phrases 10. contribute (Line 41) v. help in causing a situation, event, or condition 有助于，促成 有助于，促成 【例句】 Great psychological pressure contributed to his failure in the English Speaking Competition. 1) Great psychological pressure contributed to his failure in the English Speaking Competition. 2) Taking part in international matches regularly will contribute to the maturity of young players’ skills and state of mind.

Words & Phrases 11. manipulate (Line 47) v. control or influence for one’s own purposes 操纵，控制，影响 n. manipulation 操纵，控制，影响 n. manipulation 【例句】 1)Both of the two candidates made use of various means to manipulate voters’ will. manipulate voters’ will. Some political figures indirectly manipulated the stock market behind the curtain. 2) Some political figures indirectly manipulated the stock market behind the curtain.

1. Group Discussion 2. An Interview with a Successful Writer Part III Further Development

Directions: Read the 3 stories in the book about Kim, John and James carefully. Discuss in groups the following questions: Do you think Kim, John and James are winners or losers? Why? Winners or Losers?

 Suppose you are now interviewing a successful writer. Ask him/her what he/she thinks are the three most important qualities that contributed to his/her success. The following are some words for you reference:  Positive attitude enthusiasm determination motivation confidence optimism dedication being in a good mood good listener patience experience luck opportunity interest cooperation hard work Interview

Sample Answer Interviewer: Good afternoon. I know you are a very famous writer. Could you please tell us what contributed to your success? That is, what do you think are the three most important qualities? Writer: Thank you. As a matter of fact, it’s very hard to say what qualities are the most important. The qualities that contribute to success vary from person to person, or vary from time to time. You know I’ve been working very hard. So I think hard work should be one of the qualities. Interview

Interviewer: OK, hard work. That’s good. Then could you please list the other two? Writer: Yes. Since I am a writer, I think experience is also very important. Without experience, it will be very hard to do the writing, especially novels. If you want to tell others stories, you yourself should have a clear idea of what you are talking about. Interviewer: Yes, I agree. I was wondering how you gained your experience. Writer: Oh, through many different ways, such as traveling, talking with different sorts of people, taking different jobs. Interview

Interviewer: Sounds interesting. What is the third quality, then? Writer: The third one… I think it is imagination. As a writer, one must be imaginative. One has to picture the scene as if one were there on the spot. Interviewer: Yes, I agree entirely. So in your opinion, they are hard work, experience, and imagination. Thank you very much for accepting the interview. Interview

1. Translation Skills 2. Writing Practice Part IV Translation & Writing

Translation Skills 汉译英省略译法

1. 省略某些范畴词，如 “ 问题 ” 、 “ 状 态 ” 、 “ 工作 ” 等。 2. 省略原文中的累赘语言。 3. 省略原文中的重复部分 。

e.g. 1. 我想跟多地了解美国的情况。 I would like to know more about the United States. 2. 在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的错误。 We must avoid making mistakes in our work. 3. 他爬起山来不急，也不喘，好像不快，可我们总是落在后边，跟不 上。 He could walk up the hill easily without breathing hard while we had trouble catching up with him. Translation Skills

 Directions:  For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My Definition of Success. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 我对成功的定义； 2. 对成功定义的详细阐述； 3. 小结。 Writing Practice

Sample Writing My Definition of Success Success is a magic word, and everyone is in constant pursuit of success. But what exactly is success? Generally, success is the realization of one’s hopes and justified ideals. Under such a general notion, however, people have different understandings of success because the hopes and ideals they appreciate vary from individual to individual. In my point of view, the definition of success includes four steps: 1) a goal to set; 2) challenges to be met; 3) the process of surmounting difficulties, and 4) the reward of success. Writing Practice

In the first step, one should set a goal that is worthy of pursuing and is attainable with effort. Then success begins the moment one starts to pursue the goal. Following the goal- setting, there should be challenges and the process of surmounting difficulties in the pursuit of the goal. These two steps are essential because success acquires its value in accepting challenges, in overcoming difficulties and in enduring hardships. For instance, a person who inherits a huge amount of money from his parents cannot be Writing Practice

called a successful person because there are no difficulties or hardships involved in his achieving wealth. The reward of success — the final step — is inseparable from the process of surmounting frustrations. This is my definition of success. However, success is just like a multi-faceted diamond. Others may define it from other aspects. I will stick to my own definition, following the four- step path and holding the belief that I will become a potentially successful person in the near future. Writing Practice

 Thank You