Chapter 19: Decolonization and the Cold War

The Independence of Asia and Africa 1. What were several factors that contributed to the end of Imperialism? Aggressive ambitions of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan Most Europeans were not willing to endure further warfare to maintain imperial rule

Indian Nationalist Movement 2. What was Gandhi’s approach to resisting the British? Non-Violent approach

India’s Struggle for Independence 3. What kind of non-violent policy did Gandhi develop in India’s struggle for independence? Non-Violence Passive resistance

4. What type of action did Gandhi urge Indian’s to do on the Salt March? Civil disobedience

5. What industry did Gandhi hope to rebuild in India? India’s cottage industry

The Partition of India and Pakistan (1947) 6. What reason did Britain delay in granting independence to India? Fear of violence between Hindus and Muslims

7. What were the dominant religions of India and Pakistan? India – Hindu Pakistan - Muslim

8. What group of people pushed for independence in Southeast Asia? Educated elite

9. What did the Philippines get in 1946? Independence from the U.S.

10. Which country granted independence to Burma and Malaysia in 1948? Great Britain

11. What two countries did Indonesian leaders clash with? Dutch/Netherlands

12. Who led the independence in Vietnam? Ho Chi Minh

13. After independence, Vietnam was divided into what two parts? North – Communist State South – Pro-Western state

The Middle East and North Africa 14. Why did the British keep troops in Egypt? To protect the Suez Canal and the King of Egypt

15. Why was the independence in Algeria more difficult than other African nations? Over a million Frenchmen had settled in Algeria

16. What did the British promise to create in Palestine in 1917? A Jewish homeland

17. What caused Jews to migrate to Palestine after WWII? WWII, the Holocaust

18. What members of society pushed for independence in Africa? Sub-Saharan Africa 18. What members of society pushed for independence in Africa? Small educated African elite of the Nationalist Movement

19. What percentage of countries became independence in Africa after 1965? [map, pg. 321] 90/95%

20. Which West African kingdom became the first black African colony to gain its independence? Ghana

21. What two problems did African countries face after independence? Instability in Africa 21. What two problems did African countries face after independence? One-party states Tribalism

22. New African nations also struggled to improve what five things? Agriculture Industry Schools Hospitals Standard of living

Apartheid in South Africa 23. What is apartheid and where was it introduced? Racial separation South Africa

24. Who was the anti-apartheid leader of the National African Congress? Nelson Mandela

25. How long was Nelson Mandela in prison? 27 years

Conflicts in South Asia 26. What area in the Indian subcontinent did the Muslims and Hindus disagree over? Kashmir

27. What happened to Mohandas Gandhi shortly after achieving independence? He was assassinated

28. Who became prime minister after Gandhi’s death in 1947? Jawaharla Nehru

29. Who became the first woman to serve as prime minister in India? Indira Gandhi

30. What was the name of the new east Pakistani independent nation in the year 1971? Bangladesh

31. What is the economy like in Bangladesh today? It is one of the world’s poorest countries