Tissues: The Living Fabric Anatomy & Physiology

Tissues H covering H support H movement H control

H Tissues: groups of closely associated cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function

Histology H study of tissues

Epithelial Functions H Protection H Absorption H Filtration H Excretion

Specialized Characteristics H Cellularity H Contacts H Polarity H Avascularit y H Basement membrane

Classification Criteria H Cell Shape - squamous - cuboidal - columnar H Cell Arrangement - simple - stratified

Simple Epithelia H Simple squamous: thin, permeable H Simple cuboidal: secretion, absorption

H Simple Columnar: secretion, absorption; microvilli, goblet cells

H P seudostratified Columnar: secretion, absorption; respiratory tract

Stratified Epithelia H Stratified Squamous - thick - protective

H Stratified Cuboidal - rare - large ducts of some glands

H Stratified Columnar - rare - large ducts, some glands

H Transitional - lining of urinary organs - stretchable

Connective Tissue H Most abundant & widely distributed tissue H Binding & support, protection, insulation H Widely separated cells with abundant intercellular matrix H Matrix fibers: collagen, elastic, reticular

Soft Connective Tissue H Areolar: wraps and cushions organs, nerves H Adipose: fat, food/energy reserve, insulation, padding; under skin, around eyes, kidneys H Reticular: soft internal skeleton of lymph nodes, spleen, bone

Dense Regular Connective Tissue H Withstands tension in one direction H Tendons, ligaments, fasciae, aponeuroses

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue H Withstands tension in multiple directions H Dermis of skin, digestive tract, fibrous capsule of organs and joints

Hard Connective Tissue H Cartilage: tough, elastic material found between vertebrae, at ends of long bones, nose, ears, larynx H No nerves H Poor blood supply H Heals poorly

Hyaline Cartilage H Embryonic skeleton H End of long bones H Ribs H Nose H Trachea H Larynx H Support, reinforce, cushions

Elastic Cartilage H Ear H Epiglottis H Maintains shape H Allows flexibility

Fibrocartilage H Intervertebral discs H Pubic symphysis H Discs of knee joints H Strength and absorption of compressive shock

Osseus/Bone H Calcium salts H Nerves H Blood vessels H Body structure/support H Calcium storage H Hematopoiesis

Nervous Tissue H Made up of special cells called neurons and neuroglia (support cells) H Transmits messages throughout the body H Reacts to stimuli H Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Muscle Tissue H Highly cellular H Well vascularized H Power and movement through contractions H 3 types

Skeletal Muscle H Attaches to bone H Striated H Voluntary

Cardiac Muscle H Causes heart to beat H Striated H Involuntary

Visceral/Smooth H In walls of hollow, internal organs H Digestive tract, urinary tract, uterus, blood vessels H No striations H Involuntary

Epithelial Membranes H Combinations of epithelial tissue and connective tissues H 5 types

Mucous Membrane H Lines body cavities H “Wet” membrane H Absorption and secretion

Serous Membrane H Lines closed body cavities H Secretes serous fluid H Protects against friction H Pleura, peritoneum, pericardium

Synovial Membrane H Fibrous tissue that lines the cavities of freely movable joints

Dense Fibrous Membrane H Tough, opaque H Protection H Dura mater, periosteum, sclera

Cutaneous Membrane H “Dry” membrane H Skin