Missouri Compromise Missouri territory applied for statehood as a slave state Missouri territory applied for statehood as a slave state Nation was currently divided with 11 free and 11 slave states Nation was currently divided with 11 free and 11 slave states Maine was admitted as a free state. Maine was admitted as a free state. Made slavery illegal north of the 36°30’ parallel – an attempt to stop the spread of slavery out west. Made slavery illegal north of the 36°30’ parallel – an attempt to stop the spread of slavery out west. Slavery was still legal south of the 36°30’ line. Slavery was still legal south of the 36°30’ line. Missouri was admitted as a slave state – Missouri was admitted as a slave state – 1820.

Wilmot Proviso Proposed by David Wilmot in 1846 Proposed by David Wilmot in 1846 Called for a law to outlaw slavery in the land won from the war with Mexico Called for a law to outlaw slavery in the land won from the war with Mexico Passed in the House but defeated in the Senate Passed in the House but defeated in the Senate

Compromise of 1850 Presented by Rep. Henry Clay Presented by Rep. Henry Clay California was admitted as a free state. California was admitted as a free state. New Mexico territory was divided into NM and Utah. The people of these territories were allowed to vote on whether to allow slavery – popular sovereignty New Mexico territory was divided into NM and Utah. The people of these territories were allowed to vote on whether to allow slavery – popular sovereignty Abolish the slave trade in Wash. D.C. Abolish the slave trade in Wash. D.C. Proposed a new, more strict Fugitive Slave Law. Proposed a new, more strict Fugitive Slave Law. Settled a border dispute between Mexico and Texas, increasing the size of Texas (does not create TX as a state). Settled a border dispute between Mexico and Texas, increasing the size of Texas (does not create TX as a state).

Fugitive Slave Act Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves Special courts were set up to handle runaways Special courts were set up to handle runaways Judges received $10 for sending the accused back to the South, but only $5 for setting them free Judges received $10 for sending the accused back to the South, but only $5 for setting them free Made northerners feel as though they were part of the slave system again Made northerners feel as though they were part of the slave system again Accused not allowed a jury trial Accused not allowed a jury trial

Kansas-Nebraska Act Introduced by Stephen Douglas in 1854 Introduced by Stephen Douglas in 1854 Repealing the Missouri Compromise Repealing the Missouri Compromise Organized Kansas and Nebraska territories on the basis of popular sovereignty Organized Kansas and Nebraska territories on the basis of popular sovereignty Pro-slavery Missouri residents crossed into these territories to cast ballots (in order to sway the vote) Pro-slavery Missouri residents crossed into these territories to cast ballots (in order to sway the vote)

Tension in Kansas and Nebraska Kansas and Nebraska territories north of 36°30’ line, closed to slavery Kansas and Nebraska territories north of 36°30’ line, closed to slavery 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery Act is supported by Senator Stephen Douglas because he knew Southerners did not want to add another free state and he wanted to build a transcontinental railroad from Chicago to the Pacific Act is supported by Senator Stephen Douglas because he knew Southerners did not want to add another free state and he wanted to build a transcontinental railroad from Chicago to the Pacific “Bleeding Kansas” “Bleeding Kansas” In 1855, proslavery settlers from Missouri cross border to vote in Kansas In 1855, proslavery settlers from Missouri cross border to vote in Kansas Fraudulent victory leads to violent struggle over slavery in Kansas (Continued on the next slide) Fraudulent victory leads to violent struggle over slavery in Kansas (Continued on the next slide) Violence in the Senate Violence in the Senate Charles Sumner verbally attacks slavery, singles out Andrew Butler Charles Sumner verbally attacks slavery, singles out Andrew Butler Preston S. Brooks, Butler’s nephew, assaults Sumner on Senate Preston S. Brooks, Butler’s nephew, assaults Sumner on Senate

Bleeding Kansas Pro-slavery activists traveled to Lawrence, KS, an anti-slavery stronghold, and smashed the press of the Free-Soil newspaper Pro-slavery activists traveled to Lawrence, KS, an anti-slavery stronghold, and smashed the press of the Free-Soil newspaper John Brown, an abolitionist, traveled to Pottawatomie Creek and killed five pro- slavery men John Brown, an abolitionist, traveled to Pottawatomie Creek and killed five pro- slavery men Describes the blood-shed and violence in the western territories Describes the blood-shed and violence in the western territories

John Brown 1856-Kansas 1856-Kansas Pro-Slavery raided the town of Lawrence Kansas an anti- slavery stronghold. Pro-Slavery raided the town of Lawrence Kansas an anti- slavery stronghold. John Brown, an abolitionist who had moved to Kansas to make it a free state, struck back. He road into the town of Pottawatomie Creek in the middle of the night. Along with his 4 sons, Brown killed 5 proslavery settlers. John Brown, an abolitionist who had moved to Kansas to make it a free state, struck back. He road into the town of Pottawatomie Creek in the middle of the night. Along with his 4 sons, Brown killed 5 proslavery settlers. Guerilla warfare erupted and by 1856, 200 people had been killed in Kansas Guerilla warfare erupted and by 1856, 200 people had been killed in Kansas 1859 Harpers Ferry, West Virginia Led followers east on his anti-slavery campaign Planned an attack on a federal arsenal He hoped enslaved African- Americans would flock to the arsenal and he would provide guns for a revolt Robert E. Lee captures Brown and followers Brown and four others were hanged

Crittenden Compromise Proposed by John J. Crittenden in 1860 Proposed by John J. Crittenden in 1860 Rejected by President-elect Lincoln Rejected by President-elect Lincoln Re-institute the Missouri Compromise line; north of the 36°30’ line slavery was illegal and south of the 36°30’ line slavery could expand. Re-institute the Missouri Compromise line; north of the 36°30’ line slavery was illegal and south of the 36°30’ line slavery could expand.