1. SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid.

2.  After the Compromise of 1850, and the annexation of Texas, the debate continued over what to do with the unorganized territory in the middle of the country over whether slavery should spread into the west and how it should be decided.

3. Kansas-Nebraska Act  Signed in 1854, introduced by Stephen Douglas: - Divided the unorganized territory & created two new territories: Kansas and Nebraska - would allow each territory to decide on the slavery issue by using “popular sovereignty” - repealed/did away with the Missouri Compromise 1820 line (3630’) - led to “Bleeding Kansas”

4. Before the Kansas-Nebraska Act

6. Bleeding Kansas Failure of Popular Sovereignty  Because Kansas would decide about slavery through popular sovereignty, both the North (antislavery) and the South (pro- slavery) sent hundreds of people into Kansas to sway the vote  Tensions between the two groups led to violence and the destruction of property in Lawrence, Kansas (a center for anti-slavery efforts).  By the end of 1856, 200 people had been killed in the skirmishes How did the violence in Kansas demonstrate that popular sovereignty was a failure?

7. John Brown  Radical Abolitionist from Ohio who used violence against those supporting slavery never really had any successes in life he thought that God told him to end slavery wanted to retaliate against the attack in Lawrence, Kansas.

8. Pottawatomie Massacre Aspect of Bleeding Kansas  In retaliation of the Lawrence attack, the fiery abolitionist John Brown led a group of men on an attack at Pottawatomie Creek.  The group, which included four of Brown's sons, dragged five proslavery men from their homes and hacked them to death.

9. Violence in Congress  Violence also erupted in Congress. The abolitionist senator Charles Sumner delivered a fiery speech called "The Crime Against Kansas," in which he accused proslavery senators, particularly Atchison and Andrew Butler of South Carolina, of [cavorting with the] "harlot, Slavery." Charles Sumner (MA): against slavery, senator Andrew Butler (SC): for slavery, senator Preston Brooks (SC): Representative in the House, for slavery

10. Violence in Congress  In retaliation, Butler's nephew, Congressman Preston Brooks, attacked Sumner at his Senate desk and beat him senseless with a cane.  Brooks gets a slap on the wrist & Sumner became a hero.  Brooks broke his cane in the fight so Southern supporters send him lots of canes in return.

11. The End of “Bleeding Kansas”  In the fall of 1856, the U.S. Army stopped the carnage in “Bleeding Kansas.” By the end of that year, 200 people had died in fighting & two million dollars worth of property had been destroyed.  In 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state.

12. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry  In 1859, Brown and his followers tried to support a slave uprising in Virginia by seizing an arsenal in Harpers Ferry  John Brown led 21 men, black and white, into Harpers Ferry to seize the federal arsenal there, distribute the captured arms to slaves in the area, and start a general slave uprising.  60 people were held hostage, in hope of their slaves joining the fight – no one came. Local troops, and later US Marines foiled his plan.

13. John Brown’s Raid  Brown’s plan failed--The uprising was quickly put down, Brown was caught and tried for treason.  After a trial, Brown was executed in Dec 1859  Brown was viewed by many in the North as a martyr for the anti-slavery movement. How do you think Brown was viewed In the South-why?

14. Dred Scott  Scot was taken by his master into the free state of Illinois, and then later, back into the slave state of Missouri  With the help of an abolitionist group Scott sued for freedom (1847), claiming that because he had lived in a free state, he should be free

15. Dred Scott  Scott was eventually freed in May 1857, but died nine months later*  The case went to the Supreme Court where in 1857, the Court ruled against Scott  Because slaves were not citizens of the U.S., Scott could not sue in Federal Court