POETRY

What is poetry????? Poetry- A piece of writing used to convey images, feelings and emotions. Poetry can appear in many different forms. Can be short or long. Poetry CAN rhyme, but does not have to.

What is Figurative Language? Figurative Language- Language enriched by word meanings and figures of speech – when you give something you say a little extra The poet is trying to make you “figure” something out.

Figurative Language Metaphor- compares two different things without like or as Ex.: For ever since that time you went away I've been a rabbit burrowed in the wood Simile- compares two different things using like or as (sometimes than) Ex.: Joe is like an old bull He is as cunning as a fox

Figurative Language Personification- giving human qualities to things that are not human, like animals or trees or rivers. Ex- The wind whistled through the trees Bugs Bunny

Practice identifying figurative language On a starry winter night in Portugal Where the ocean kissed the southern shore There a dream I never thought would come to pass Came and went like time spent through an hourglass -Teena Marie, “Portuguese Love

Figurative Language Hyperbole- figure of speech which is an exaggeration - I nearly died laughing - I tried a thousand times You’re so… jokes -My dog is so ugly I have to tie a $100 bill on it so people will pet it! -My aunt is so fat you have to take 2 trains and a bus to get on her good side.

Figurative Language Imagery – appeals to the reader’s senses; can create mood or evoke emotions Different senses: Sight – visual imagery Touch – tactile imagery Sound – auditory imagery Taste – gustatory imagery Smell – olfactory imagery Movement – kinesthetic imagery

Figurative Language: Examples of Imagery For the life of him, he couldn't figure why these East Enders called themselves black. He kept looking and looking, and the colors he found were gingersnap and light fudge and dark fudge and acorn and butter rum and cinnamon and burnt orange. But never licorice, which, to him, was real black. (excerpt from Maniac Magee)

Figurative Language: Examples of Imagery "....Which has its sounds, familiar, like the roar Of trees and crack of branches, common things, But nothing so like beating on a box" (From 'An Old Mans Winter Night' by Robert Frost)

Figurative Language: Examples of Imagery "The clay oozed between Jeremy's fingers as he let out a squeal of pure glee." "With a wild rattle and clatter, and an inhuman abandonment of consideration not easy to be understood in these days, the carriage dashed through streets and swept round corners, with women screaming before it, and men clutching each other and clutching children out of its way. (excerpt from 'A tale of two cities' by Charles Dickens

Figurative Language: Examples of Imagery "I was awakened by the strong smell of a freshly brewed coffee." "Gio's socks, still soaked with sweat from Tuesday's P.E. class, filled the classroom with an aroma akin to that of salty, week-old, rotting fish"

Figurative Language: Examples of Imagery "Tumbling through the ocean water after being overtaken by the monstrous wave, Mark unintentionally took a gulp of the briny, bitter mass, causing him to cough and gag.“ "I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox and which you were probably saving for breakfast Forgive me they were delicious so sweet and so cold" (From the poem "This Is Just to Say" by William Carlos Williams)

Figurative Language: Types of Imagery 'The bed linens might just as well be ice and the clothes snow.' From Robert Frost's "The Witch of Coos" “The cold water felt like heaven as it washed over her burning hand that sizzled with heat and bubbled with blisters. She basked in the temporary relief, but was awakened to the stinging pain of the angry burn.”

Figurative Language Symbolism- using a sign, word, sound or object to represent a thing, quality or idea Example: Dove = peace Rain = cleansing/sadness Lion = bravery

Figurative Language Idiom – a figure of speech that does not make sense if you take each individual element literally “It’s raining cats and dogs” “Draw the line” “Icing on the cake” Cliché – overused figure of speech – one hears/uses it often

Figurative Language Allusion- When a piece of work references something that is popular in pop culture or from another movie or book. Ex. Brian’s task required Herculean strength. She was a modern day Sleeping Beauty.

Sound Devices in Poetry Onomatopoeia- word that imitates the sound it represents Ex- Buzz, Tap, Zip

Sound Devices in Poetry Alliteration- repeating the same beginning sounds throughout the lines of a poem Ex.: I hear the lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore...

Poetic Elements Refrain- Repetition of a word or phrase Lines- ONE line of a poem Stanza- One of the divisions of a poem, composed of two or more lines usually characterized by a common pattern of meter, rhyme, and number of lines.

Poetic Elements Rhyme Scheme- The pattern in which the last word of the lines of a poem rhyme. The first rhyming sound is labeled as “A”. The second rhyming sound is labeled “B” and so on and so forth. Example: Roses are red (A) Violets are blue (B) Sugar is sweet (C) And so are you (B) Our love is dead…

Hula Eel Take an eel, Make a loop, Use him as a hula hoop. Feel him twist and twirl and spin, Down your ankles, round your chin, Tigher, tighter, tighter yet, Ain't an eel a lovely pet? Hey-answer when I talk to you- Don't just stand there turning blue

Forms of Poetry As mentioned earlier, poetry can appear in many different forms. These are the following forms that we will study in class: - Haiku - Free Verse - Limerick - Sonnet - Ballad or Narrative Poetry

Haiku a three line poem, typically dealing with nature; 17 total syllables in a 5-7-5 pattern Originated in Japan Haikus are easy But sometimes they don’t make sense Refrigerator

and drips its dew to the ground. Examples of Haiku The red blossom bends  and drips its dew to the ground.  Like a tear it falls on the Chinese vase the flowers retain brightness - - pouring out water.

Limericks a humorous form consisting on five lines. Lines 1, 2 and 5 are long and they all rhyme. Lines 3 and 4 are short and they rhyme. Rhyme scheme is AABBA Typically start with “There once was…” Originated in Ireland

Example of a Limerick There was a farmer from Leeds, Who ate six packets of seeds, It soon came to pass, He was covered with grass, And he couldn't sit down for the weeds!

Example of a Limerick There was a young hunter named Shepherd Who was eaten for lunch by a leopard. Said the leopard, "Egad! You'd be tastier, lad If you had been salted and peppered!"

Sonnet a 14 line poem with a set rhyme scheme and metrical pattern Made famous by William Shakespeare A typical line of a sonnet has ten syllables and is written in Iambic Pentameter. This means that every other syllable is accented, so it sounds sing-songy A basic Rhyme Scheme For a Shakespearean Sonnet is as follows: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? SONNET 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee.

Ballad or Narrative Poetry A ballad is a Narrative Poem (tells a story) and can be sung, but doesn’t have to be. Often times has a refrain or some sort of repetition Usually rhymes in some way, but there is not set rhyming pattern. An example of a ballad is “Casey at The Bat” By Ernest Thayer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-2lXQQcXb8

Free Verse no set pattern; may or may not include rhyme Usually follows some sort of metrical pattern, but doesn’t have to