Unit 3 Early Explorers

Unit 3 Notebook Checklist Notes and Pre-Exploration Timeline Spanish/Portugese Exploration Map Section 3 Question Sheet Unit 3 Vocabulary List Christopher Columbus Timeline __________________________ _________________________ ___________________________ _____________________________ This Notebook is worth ________________ Points This Notebook is due _______________

Unit 3 Vocabulary

#1 - Colony Definition – a group of people who settle in a distant land but are stilled ruled by their original government.

#2 - Circumnavigate Definition – To sail completely around the globe

#3 - Conquistador Definition – Spanish explorer who conquers (takes over) other civilizations.

#4 - Plague Definition – a problem or disease that affects large groups of people (example: Black Plague)

#5 – Presidio Definition – forts where soldiers lived in New Spain (Central America)

#6 - Mission Definition – a religious settlement

#7 – Peninsulare Definition – A Spanish colonist born in Spain (upper class)

#8 - Creole Definition – A Spanish colonist born to Spanish parents in the Americas (2nd class)

#9 - Mestizo Definition – Mix of Spanish and Native American (3rd class)

#10 - Plantation Definition – a large piece of farm land

#11 - Alliance Definition – when two or more nations/people agree to work together

#12 - Charter Definition – A contract

#13 - Indivisible Definition – Unable to divide or separate

#14 - Persecution Definition – to be mistreated for your beliefs

#15 - Diffusion Definition – the spreading of ideas between cultures

#16 – Northwest Passage Definition – a waterway that goes through the entire North America (never found)

#17 – Monopoly Definition – when one group or company controls one part of the economy (no competition).

Unit 3 Vocabulary Definitions Colony - a group of people who settle in a distant land but are stilled ruled by their original government. Circumnavigate – to sail completely around the globe Conquistador - Spanish explorer who conquers (takes over) other civilizations. Plague -a problem or disease that affects large groups of people (example: Black Plague) Presidio – Forts where soldiers lived in New Spain Mission – A religious settlement (like a church) Peninsulare - A Spanish colonist born in Spain (upper class) Creole - A Spanish colonist born to Spanish parents in the Americas (2nd class) Mestizo - Mix of Spanish and Native American (3rd class) Plantation – a large piece of farmland Alliance - when two or more nations/people agree to work together Charter – a contract Indivisible – unable to separate or divide Persecution – to be mistreated for your beliefs Diffusion – the spreading of ideas between cultures Northwest Passage - a waterway that goes through the entire North America (never found) Monopoly - when one group or company controls one part of the economy (no competition).

Pre-Exploration Timeline 600’s – Crusaders (European Christians vs. Muslims – 200 years) 800’s – Vikings from Scandinavia (Denmark, Sweden, Norway) 1. Land on Newfoundland 2. They are the first American Explorers 500-1400 – Middle Ages (Medieval Times) 1. Europeans spent all of their times in gated communities (boring) 2. Knights played life or death sports 1400-1600 – Renaissance – Science and Literature rebirth 1. Navigation = the science of sailing 2. Guttenberg = Invention of the printing press (desire for knowledge) 3. Monarchs (Kings) of England, France, Portugal, and Spain begin a struggle for control of power. 4. Black Plague – a majority of Europe was killed by this disease.

Christopher Columbus Timeline August 3, 1492 – Departs from Spain Aug. 6 – Lands at the Canary Islands Sept. 6 – Left the island of Gemora Sept. 8 – Sees the island of Hierro Oct. 10 – Makes a deal with his men Oct. 12 – Sees land Oct. 13 – Columbus goes ashore (on land) Oct. 15 – Leaves the island Oct. 15-29 – Stops at 3 other islands Oct. 28 – Lands in Cuba Oct. 31 – Reaches the Cayo Cruz Nov. 22 – Pinzon leaves the other ships

Dec. 5 – Arrives at Hispaniola Dec. 24 – The Santa Maria is stuck Dec. 25 – The ship sinks Jan. 2 – Columbus leaves the island Jan. 6 – Columbus runs into the Pinta Jan. 16 – The two ships leave together Feb. 14 – the two ships are separated by a fierce storm Feb. 15 – Columbus sights the Santa Maria (island) Mar. 4 – Arrives in Lisbon (Spain) Mar. 15 – Arrives at home and announces his discovery Mar. 15 – Pinzon arrives a few hours after Columbus Mar. 18 – Pinzon dies

An Era of Exploration A. Early voyages to America 1. Vikings a. Newfoundland (Canada) B. Columbus Reaches the America 1. Wanted to find a route around Africa to Asia 2. Thought you could sail from Europe, across the Atlantic, to Asia 3. Needed money from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabellla 4. Background information a. Born in 1451 in Italy b. Went to Navigation school c. Traveled to Spain to get money for the trip C. Spain authorizes colonies 1. Columbus returns and brings new food and ideas 2. Believes that Indians can easily be converted to Christianity.

I. Trade Routes for Exploration A. Italy - first powerhouse 1. Had a monopoly on trade 2. Other countries want to copy them B. Portugal Discoveries 1. Led by Prince Henry the Navigator a. Built a Navigation school (Columbus) b. Explored and traded throughout Africa (slavery roots) 2. Traded people for Weapons and clothes a. Originated the African slave trading system

II. Spanish Explorers A. Ponce de Leon 1. 1513 – Looking for the Fountain of Youth B. Hernando de Soto 1. 1539 – Looking for gold (finds Mississippi River but no gold) C. Francisco Coronado 1. 1540 – Looking for golden cities with golden streets (found Arizona and New Mexico instead) D. Conquistadors 1. Rulers get 1/5 of all their conquests 2. Hernando Cortes – Aztec Conqueror 1. Conquers the Aztecs (thought he was a pale skinned God) 3. Francisco Pizzaro – Inca Conqueror 1. Controlled the entire empire by 1535

E. Reasons for Conquistador victories 1. Steel, guns, horses vs. clubs, bows, arrows 2. Thought the Spanish were Gods (Pale Skinned) 3. European Diseases 6. Settling New Spain (Map) a. Pueblos b. Presidios c. Missions d. Government – Viceroys (governors of each region) 7. Class System in New Spain a. Peninsulares – upper class b. Creoles c. Mestizos d. Indians/ Slaves

Turn to page 77 in the textbook Turn to page 77 in the textbook. Fold your worksheet in half (my example) and draw a box inside the top half of your page: Pueblos Center for farming and trade. This would be like the big cities of today that are the centers of life in the United States. Forts for soldiers. This is like the army stations of today. Kept the Pueblo people safe. Presidios Like the churches of today. This was the spiritual center of life. Mission

Peninsulare – 1st Class – Had the best jobs and the most money. On the bottom half of the page, create the following chart: Peninsulare – 1st Class – Had the best jobs and the most money. Creoles – 2nd Class – Well educated. Doctors and Lawyers, but not as rich as 1st class Mestizos – 3rd Class – Had working class jobs. Usually worked on farms owned by others. Slaves (Indians) – Lowest class, forced to do work. Not paid.

Christófo Colón [1451-1506]

Columbus’ Four Voyages

Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c

European Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs vs. Fernando Cortés Montezuma II

The Death of Montezuma II

Mexico Surrenders to Cortés

The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas vs. Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa

Why would the 'Columbian Exchange' be considered the tsunami of unintentional "bio-terrorism"?? Docs. 1- 4

The “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough

The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves

European Empires in the Americas

Colonizing North America A. The Northwest Passage 1. Waterway through N. America a. Never found b. Mapped out areas for future colonization 2. Explorers for France a. Verrazano/Cartier b. Henry Hudson

Explorer Nationality Sponsor Country Area Explored Dates Goals Results

Can you name the seven continents? NORTH AMERICA EUROPE ASIA AFRICA SOUTH AMERICA AUSTRALIA ANTARCTICA

Can you name the four oceans? Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean

We live on the continent of North America We live on the continent of North America. Can you name the countries on our continent? North America

Canada United States Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Mexico

The Countries of Europe England England France France Italy Italy Spain Spain

Christopher Columbus' Journey Spain San Salvador

Ponce de Leon’s Journey Spain Florida

Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the search for the Northwest Passage.

Europeans explorers spent over 100 years searching for a Northwest Passage through North America to Asia. England, France, and Holland began searching for a westward route to Asia in order to compete with Spain and Portugal.

Explorations for Spain Atlantic Ocean Cool! I, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, the great conquistador, am the first European to see the eastern edge of the Pacific Ocean! Vasco Nuñez de Balboa (1475 - 1519)

Explorations for Spain Ferdinand Magellan led the first voyage around the world. Animation: Magellan’s Voyage

Explorations for Spain At first, the name of America was only meant to apply to South America, but later on, both continents of America became known by his name. Amerigo Vespucci was one of the first explorers to come up with the idea that these places he had visited were not part of Asia (as Columbus thought) but rather were part of a “New World." In 1507, a pamphlet was published called "The Four Voyages of Amerigo" and the author suggested that the new land that Amerigo had explored be named in his honor.

Martin Waldseemuller map of 1507 Martin Waldseemuller map of 1507. In this document the newly discovered continent is for the first time referred to as "America", a name the author chose in honor of Amerigo Vespucci.

Explorations for the Netherlands (Holland) British sailor Henry Hudson explored the waters of northeast North America, including the water surrounding New York City.

Explorations for England In 1610, Henry Hudson explored northern Canada for England.

In 1611, Hudson’s crew mutinied and returned to Holland, leaving Hudson, his son, and several loyal sailors to perish in the Hudson Bay.

Explorations for England The Italian sailor Giovanni Cabato, later known as John Cabot, explored the north Atlantic coast of North America for England.

The voyages of Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, and Amerigo Vespucci dramatically changed the world map. This map, printed in 1507, is one of the earliest maps to incorporate this new world view.

Explorations for France Giovanni da Verrazano explored the east coast of North America, including New York harbor, for France in 1524.

Explorations for France Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River Valley for France. Jacques Cartier

A painting by J.-A. Théodore Gudin depicts Jacques Cartier discovering the Saint Lawrence River in the 16th century.

Jacques Cartier points to the arms of France on the cross during a ceremony taking possession of Canada for France, 1534.