Aikan Technology methane and compost production from organic resources Morten Brøgger Kristensen Chief Technology Officer

Aikan is innovated from experience Solum has been operating the Danish Aikan plant “BioVækst” successfully for more than 10 Years ton of separately collected municipal solid waste has been transformed to biogas and compost BioVækst is a 50/50 split private public partnership based on well defined roles and common decisions We have been focusing on creation of value through development of: environmental performance, robustness and great flexibility We collaborate with leading Danish universities on many research and development issues to keep a science based approach

Four Danish ministers of environment have paid attention to us; including the present European commissionaire for climate

AvoidReduceReuseRecoverIncineration with energy recoveryDispose (Landfill) We are focused on a strategy for waste Waste Hierarchy Strategy Recycling with energy recovery

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Aikan Technology

The Aikan Technology Process Solid organic matter is made soluble by microbial enzymatic degradation Volatile organic matter is transformed to methane by bacteria Resistant organic matter is sanitized and transformed into Compost

Layout for a complete Aikan plant for anaerobic digestion and composting Process Modules Reactor Tanks Maturation Boxes Compost Screening Waste reception

Scalable modular designs Reception and pre-treatment; flexible pre-treatment Process modules; more Reactor tank capacity; more Maturation boxes; 5-10-more Odor treatment; module based too Energy exploitation units; gas-upgrading; CHP etc.

Mass balances in general what goes in comes out! All in- and outputs must be analyzed for Organic Solids, Non-Organic Solids and Water Harmful substances or chemical components must always be accounted for or separated by an efficient collection schemes Plant performance must account for output products and outlets to the environment Standard mass balance figures does not exist. We always base a mass balance on feedstock characterizing since: Mass is Money!

Aikan products and energy from 1 MG of Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste (BMSW) 350 kg of 0-10 mm compost –Good organic fertilizer with high content of NPK –Sanitized –Reduced risk of odor problems –Stabilized organic matter 80 Nm 3 biogas (70 % methane), waste potential is 180 Nm 3 biogas Biogas is flexible: –Production and sale of electricity and heat (up to 50/50) –Upgrading to Methane for transportation etc. –Grid transportation to other energy supplier etc.

A mass balance based on data from the Danish plant

Odor Management Odor is an inevitable subject linked to degradation of volatile organic matter To avoid trouble with neighbors and subsequently authorities odor must have the highest priority Managing Odor must be based on a twofold strategy: –Planning for a well-designed Plant –Getting a well-functioning and educated operation team

Aikan Odor Management Enclosed system for both biogas and compost production Integrated treatment of exhaust air from reception, critical workspaces and all processes via vaporizer and bio-filtration Registered odor levels for all the individual steps has been build into the odor management system Education and training of staff prior to start up Operation manual with equal focus on production and odor management

Ongoing R&D activities in 2014 Hydrolysis improvements; 2StageBiogas project –Enhancing from 80 m 3 towards 180 m 3 of biogas Full integration with wet systems for manure (or sewage) treatment; Aikan Agri ® Testing new feedstock at our full scale, trail facilities in Denmark Testing biogas potential of specific wastes

2StageBiogas a project with “Aalborg University Copenhagen” supported by “EnerginetDK” Target to reach 80% of theoretical potentials of the first step hydrolysis –Different preparation methods for the waste –Different process regimes –Enzyme addition –Variation of Temperature during hydrolysis To be published 2015

Aikan Agri ® Standard Wet System Report from the Danish EPA to be found at Additional Aikan Agri Components

Basic understanding of feedstock

Biowaste management strategies Source Separation: of biowaste or separation of: plastics, glass, metals, painted wood, cloth, rubber, electronics, batteries etc. etc. –To gain quality recycling source separation is needed for some fractions Since % of MSW is often Biowaste it´s a good place to start.

The sustainability of proper Biowaste handling Biowaste is carbon dioxide fixation from the air and nutrient fixation from the soil made possible by the power of the sun – thus a truly renewable resource A clean fraction of biowaste is producing good quality compost Phosphor is essential to food production and known clean mineral deposits will only last for years – thus it is now time to recycle All resources are getting scarcer day by day. Thus the price of good recycled products will increase Biogas is a flexible energy form that can be used for transportation, electricity production and stored Compost recycles phosphor, nitrogen, potassium and other nutrients, postpone CO 2 release to the atmosphere and ease soil structure

o Proven Technology more than 10 years of concrete operating experience o Competitive price level negotiations have shown that Aikan compete nicely with other systems o Unique design protected 3 step process integrating AD and Composting o Robust can handle even MSW due to a simple tough pre- and after-treatment o Scalable the modular design secure that no present extra investments needed to secure future needs o Flexible can be optimized to local price structure focusing on the most valuable in- and output streams o Biogasat least 70% of methane o CompostThe remaining solids are sanitized and matured o Effective space utilization A complete handling of all waste streams gives an optimal, integrated use of space o Odor Management Built-In odor management system, based on experience and analysis Summarizing Aikan Technology features