Waste Management and Resource Efficiency EPSU 14th June 2012 Michel Sponar DG Environment, Unit C2

Outline Context – the existing EU Waste Management Approach The Roadmap on Resource Efficiency Key Challenges Next Steps and Conclusions

The EU Waste Management Approach

Thematic Strategy on Waste Prevention and Recycling Framework Waste Framework Directive (Includes Municipal and Construction Demolition waste) Waste Shipment Regulation Treatment Incineration Directive Landfill Directive Recycling Standards (future) Packaging Batteries WEEE & Restriction of use Vehicles Mining waste Sewage Sludge PCB/ PCT Streams In Brown : with targets

European Binding targets EU Targets   Recovery Recycling Collection rate Packaging 2008 60% 55%   Cars 2015 95% 85% 100% Electronics 2006 2016 2019/21 70% 50% min 4 kg per inhabitant per year 85% of WEEE arising (recast) Batteries 2011 50% to 75% (efficiency) 2012 25%  45% Tyres 0 landfill of tyres Biowaste diverted from landfills reduction to 75% of the 1995 level 2009 reduction to 50% of the 1995 level reduction to 35% of the 1995 level Municipal waste Separate collection: at least paper/metal/plastic/glass 2020 50% recycling household waste Construction/Demolition 70% construction and demolition waste re-use/recovery and recycling 5

Prevention Preparing for re-use Recycling Recovery Safe disposal WASTE PRODUCT (NON-WASTE)

Roadmap on Resource Efficiency

EU 2020 Strategy - 3 priorities,…/… Smart Growth – Focus on Education, research Sustainable Growth – Low Carbon, Resource efficiency Inclusive Growth - high-employment/ economic, social and territorial cohesion 5 targets . Employment 75% of the 20-64 year-olds to be employed 2. R&D / innovation 3% of the EU's GDP (public and private combined) to be invested in R&D/innovation 3. Climate change / energy greenhouse gas emissions 20% (or even 30%, if the conditions are right) lower than 1990 20% of energy from renewables 20% increase in energy efficiency 4. Education Reducing school drop-out rates below 10% at least 40% of 30-34–year-olds completing third level education 5. Poverty / social exclusion at least 20 million fewer people in or at risk of poverty and social exclusion 7 “Flagships” Digital Agenda, New skills and jobs, Innovation Union, Industrial policy, Youth on the move, Platform against Poverty and … Resource Efficiency

Main messages: Projections of resource needs is influenced by the expected increase of word's population combined with an increase demand from emerging middle classes Global extraction of resources is expected to increase from 58 billion tons in 2005 to more than 100 billion tons in 2030 representing an increase of 75% in 25 years. Biomass, metals and minerals are representing more than 80% of the future demand in tonnage. Source: EEA 2010 derived from SERI GLOBAL 2000, Friends of the Earth Europe (2009) 9

Source: Eurostat Comext Statistics, EEA 2010, The European Environment, State and Outlook 2010 : Thematic Assessment – Material Resources and Waste 11

Waste Thematic Strategy September 2011 Roadmap on Resource Efficiency 9/1- Report on the Waste Thematic Strategy September 2011 Roadmap on Resource Efficiency 26/1- A resource-efficient Europe – Flagship initiative Under 2020 Strategy 2/2 – Raw Material Initiative EU’s trade strategy Sustainable extraction Resource efficiency and recycling March 2012 Innovation Partnership 12

The Resource-efficiency Roadmap Horizontal conditions for transforming the economy: SCP, waste as resource Innovation, Harmful subsidies and getting the price right Natural capital and ecosystem services Ecosystems services and Biodiversity Minerals and metals Water, Marine resources Air, Land and soils Key economic sectors: food, mobility and buildings Governance and Monitoring

Waste as resource 2020 aspirational objectives Full implementation of the EU waste acquis Waste generation per capita in decline Recycling and reuse are economically attractive Energy recovery limited to non-recyclable materials Landfilling virtually eliminated

Waste as Resource – In practice Review targets on prevention, reuse and recycling and landfill diversion (2014) Other supportive measures EU public funding aligned with waste hierarchy Improve coherence of the EU legislation Product policy (reusability, recyclability, recycled content, durability) Measures to extent the producer responsibility

Challenges

Municipal waste generation Source: Eurostat 2012 17

Municipal waste generation vs GDP Source: Eurostat 2010 Source: Eurostat 2011 18

Municipal waste Treatment (2010) Source: Eurostat 2012 Source: Eurostat 2012 19

Economic Instruments Focus on: Waste disposal & treatment fees (landfill & incineration) Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) schemes Producer responsibility schemes 20

Landfill cost vs Landfill rates 21

PAYT schemes Source: U. Gianolio, Erica 2011 22

Producer Responsibility Main messages: New progress expected by the application of the current legislation Nevertheless, without new initiatives it might appear that current EU targets are not sufficient to meet notably the ‘resource’ challenge : for instance more than 75M tons of waste should still be landfilled in 2020 Increased recycling represents also an opportunity in terms of job creation: around half a million jobs could be created if recycling rates rise to 70% Future trends in waste generation: + 7% without new policies Recycling: +10%, almost 50% in 2020 Landfilling: - 10%, almost 30% in 2020 Total amount collected - EPR schemes in France Source: Ademe 2011 23

Producer Responsibility Participation cost per material in 6 Member States vs recycling performances Source: IEEP ongoing study 2011

Next Steps - Conclusions

Proposal for new recycling and landfill diversion targets (2014) Next steps (2012-2014) Recast of the WEEE Directive Economic instruments and waste prevention/management performances New rules on the use of structural funds Assessment of the National Waste Management plans – Modelling Proposals for ecodesign measures Fitness check of specific recycling directives Producer Responsibility – analysis and possibly guidance Proposal for new recycling and landfill diversion targets (2014)

Conclusions More prevention, reuse and recycling means: Job Creation– potential for 0.5 to 0.7 Millions jobs Access to Raw material Increase competitiveness of EU Industry Increase Resource Efficiency Reduce GHG Emissions – 19 to 31% of the 2020 target Boost innovation – critical/impacting raw materials In summary, a perfect contribution to the EU 2020 strategy!

Thank you for your attention ! Additional sources of information: DG ENV “waste” website: http://ec.europa.eu/environment//waste/index.htm Resource Efficiency: http://ec.europa.eu/resource-efficient-europe/index_en.htm Study on Economic Instruments: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/use.htm Eurostat Databases: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/waste/introduction Study on economic instruments: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/use.htm EEA: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/waste Michel.Sponar@ec.europa.eu 28