An Introduction to the Novel by Aldous Huxley:.  What does the word, “individuality” mean to you?  How important is it to be an individual in society?

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Presentation transcript:

An Introduction to the Novel by Aldous Huxley:

 What does the word, “individuality” mean to you?  How important is it to be an individual in society?  Does modern society make it easy to be an individual? Why or why not?

 Born: in England on July 26, 1894  English novelist and critic, best known for his novel Brave New World (1931). Besides novels he published travel books, histories, poems, plays, and essays on philosophy, arts, sociology, religion and morals.  Died: November 22, 1963

The book is set in London in AD 2540 (632 A.F. in the book). The novel anticipates developments in reproductive technology and sleep- learning that combine to change society. The vast majority of the population is unified under the World State, an eternally peaceful, stable global society in which goods and resources are plentiful (because the population is permanently limited to no more than two billion people) and everyone is happy. Natural reproduction has been done away with and children are created, 'decanted' and raised in Hatcheries and Conditioning Centres, where they are divided into five castes and designed to fulfill predetermined positions within the social and economic strata of the World State.

 To maintain the World State's Command Economy for the indefinite future, all citizens are conditioned from birth to value consumption with such platitudes as "ending is better than mending," i.e., buy a new item instead of fixing the old one, because constant consumption, and near-universal employment to meet society's material demands, is the bedrock of economic and social stability for the World State.  Spending time alone is considered an outrageous waste of time and money, and wanting to be an individual is horrifying.  In the World State, people typically die at age 60 having maintained good health and youthfulness their whole life. Death isn't feared; anyone reflecting upon it is reassured by the knowledge that everyone is happy, and that society goes on. Since no one has family, they have no ties to mourn.

 The conditioning system eliminates the need for professional competitiveness; people are literally bred to do their jobs and cannot desire another. There is no competition within castes; each caste member receives the same food, housing, and soma rationing as every other member of that caste.