Raising Global IQ: The ‘Whose Jerusalem?’ Case Study Carl Hobert, Boston University 621 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, MA 02215 Tel. 617-353-4794 Fax 617-353-4351 carl.hobert@axisofhope.org

“An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.” Famous Quotes “An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.”     Mahatma Gandhi

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Famous Quotes  “The ultimate measure of a man or woman is not where s/he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where s/he stands at times of challenge and controversy.”   Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Famous Quotes Confucius “Tell me and I will forget. Show me and I may remember. Involve me and I will understand.” Confucius

Today’s Agenda Welcome/overview of workshop by Prof. Carl Hobert, Axis of Hope, Boston, MA Team-building exercises (US Courtyard and Upper Field) Prof. Hobert: History of Arab-Israeli Conflict and Negotiations 101/Getting to Yes Strategies Video: To Die in Jerusalem Six role-play groups meet to read, refine and present individual 2-minute summary statements Break Round 1 of Negotiations Round 2 of Negotiations Round 3 of Negotiations

Today’s Agenda Round 4 of Negotiations Preparation for Agreement Draft, Print and Sign Final Draft of 250-word Position Paper Debriefing

UNGAR 181 November, 1947 Jewish & Arab areas http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_israel_palestinians/maps/html (January, 31 2005)

Mandatory Palestine at the time of cease-fire End of fighting (1949): Mandatory Palestine at the time of cease-fire http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_israel_palestinians/maps/html (January 31, 2005)

Israeli territory after the June 1967 War http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_israel_palestinians/maps/html/six_day_war.stm (January 31, 2005)

The Arab-Israeli conflict today http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_israel_palestinians/maps/html (January, 31 2005)

Security Israel is currently maintaining security through the development of a physical barrier between the two territories as well as a significant military force. As a part of negotiations, the two sides must agree on border control, military presence, and policing of settlements and Jerusalem. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_israel_palestinians/maps/html

Settlements As seen on the right, Israeli settlements currently take up a considerable portion of Palestinian territory in the West Bank. For peace to be possible, there must be agreement over the number and location of settlements for both Israelis and Palestinians. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_israel_palestinians/maps/html

Jerusalem before & after 1967 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_israel_palestinians/maps/html

Arab-Israeli Conflict: No Shortage of “Peace” Plans 1991 Madrid Conference 1993 Declaration of Principles (Oslo Process) 1994 Oslo I 1995 Oslo II 1999 Wye River Memorandum 1999 Sharm El-Sheikh Agreement 2000 Camp David II Summit 2001 Taba Talks 2002 Saudi Peace Initiative 2003 US Road Map 1947 Partition Plan UNR 181 1948 UNR 194 1967 UNR 242 1973 UNR 338 1978 Camp David Accords 1981 King Fahd Plan 1982 Fez Plan, Reagan Plan, Brezhnev Plan 1983 Geneva International Conference

The Arab-Israeli conflict today http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_israel_palestinians/maps/html (January, 31 2005)

Notice Israel…….

Six Sides: 2-Minute Summary Statements Hamas Fatah Arab League Quartet Likud Labor Typically there is some tension and there are some attempts to be positional Early optimists predicting easy agreement are proved wrong . . .

Whose Jerusalem? The Arab-Israeli Conflict Preliminary Group Meeting and Summary Statement Negotiation Round 1 Negotiation Round 2 Negotiation Round 3 Negotiation Round 4 Agreement?

Goal: Three points of agreement? Negotiations: Round 1 Hamas meets with Fatah Arab League meets with Quartet Likud meets with Labor Goal: Three points of agreement? (Security, Sovereignty and Settlements) Typically there is some tension and there are some attempts to be positional Early optimists predicting easy agreement are proved wrong . . .

“The Triangle” U.S. Quartet Arab League Hamas Likud Fatah Labor

Goal: Three points of agreement? Negotiations: Round 2 Hamas meets with Arab League Likud meets with Quartet Fatah meets with Labor Goal: Three points of agreement? (Security, Sovereignty and Settlements) Typically there is some tension and there are some attempts to be positional Early optimists predicting easy agreement are proved wrong . . .

Goal: Three points of agreement? Negotiations: Round 3 Hamas meets with Quartet Fatah meets with Likud Labor meets with Arab League Goal: Three points of agreement? (Security, Sovereignty and Settlements) Typically there is some tension and there are some attempts to be positional Early optimists predicting easy agreement are proved wrong . . .

Goal: Three points of agreement? Negotiations: Round 4 Hamas meets with Likud Fatah meets with Arab League Labor meets with Quartet Goal: Three points of agreement? (Security, Sovereignty and Settlements) Typically there is some tension and there are some attempts to be positional Early optimists predicting easy agreement are proved wrong . . .

Goal: 250-word proposal on the three points of agreement Negotiations: Round 5 Goal: 250-word proposal on the three points of agreement (Security, Sovereignty and Settlements) Typically there is some tension and there are some attempts to be positional Early optimists predicting easy agreement are proved wrong . . .

Whose Jerusalem? The Arab-Israeli Conflict Preliminary Group Meeting and Summary Statement Negotiation Round 1 Negotiation Round 2 Negotiation Round 3 Negotiation Round 4 Agreement?

Whose Jerusalem? The Arab-Israeli Conflict Lessons to Remember 1. We must strive for maintenance of peace, beyond the peace treaty. 2. High officials are under political pressure not to be flexible, and not to generate options that could benefit all sides, because they must deal with their own people when they return. 3. We must help Israelis and their Arab neighbors to learn about and practice working jointly and peacefully on what will be an ENDLESS stream of differences - as a “process”. Track 1 and 2 diplomacy

Whose Jerusalem? The Arab-Israeli Conflict Lessons to Remember 4. Second-level government officials and non-officials, or track 2 officials, are better at brainstorming. Track 1 officials can later select the best options, improve them, and then make binding decisions. 5. Middle school, high school and college teachers/professors and students acting jointly have great power to generate some possible good decisions that could then be “made” by officials at later dates (proposed “track 3” diplomacy). 6. Diplomacy is not about “empathy” - it is more about RESPECT 7. We must teach, and hence create, a new, enlightened set of Middle East advisors who do not have ideology leading the way, and who have a tough, no-nonsense approach to diplomacy that is SMART, TOUGH AND FAIR.

Whose Jerusalem? The Arab-Israeli Conflict Lessons to Remember 8. Know your BATNA - and carefully estimate theirs! BATNA is the acronym for Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement. If you look at it from the simplest standpoint, your BATNA is the choice you can make if you conclude that negotiating with a particular party is not likely to yield a favorable result. You can walk away from a negotiation if your BATNA is better than the likely outcome of that negotiation.

- Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Famous Quotes “Our lives come to an end when we become silent about things that matter.” - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Mother Teresa (1910-1997)

Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (b. 1947)

Alfred Nobel (1833-1896)

A quote from? From: ___________________Salzburg, Austria To: Friendship Among Children and Youth (Founded Under UNESCO), New York Date: November 22, 1952   "You young people should consider yourselves fortunate that you, in your impressionable years, have the opportunity to exchange viewpoints and ideas with those of a variety of cultural backgrounds. There is no better opportunity to acquire the life-long insights that are necessary for the resolution of international problems and conflicts. In the hope that your endeavors have a lasting impact, I send you my warmest greetings and wishes."

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

“Educating Global Citizens”: The ‘Whose Jerusalem?’ Case Study Prof. Carl Hobert, Founder, Axis of Hope Boston University 621 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, MA 02215 Tel. 617-353-4794 Fax 617-353-4351 carl.hobert@axisofhope.org