FrenchBritish The British vs. the French in America -Catholic -Few Permanent settlements -Main Econ. Activity is the fur trade -Preferred by Natives -Many native allies -Protestant -Permanent settlements and large towns -Chief Econ. Activity is farming -Few native allies - Growing Rich from America - World Empires - Wealthy Nations

 Dates: 1754 to 1763  Location: Quebec, Northeastern Coast and Great Lakes region (Western Pennsylvania!)  French and Algonquin tribes vs. British, American Colonists and Iroquois Confederacy  Expanded into Europe as the Seven Years War (1756–1763)  British Victory: Treaty of Paris-1763

 Washington and Christopher Gist are sent to deliver a message to the French.  They travel from VA to Ft. LeBeouf (near Lake Erie).  The message tells the French that the British claim the land known as the “Ohio Country” (west of the Appalachian Mtns.)  The French claim the land is theirs!

 …While crossing the Allegheny River on a raft.  …Managed to make it to a small island in the river.  By morning, they were able to cross over the frozen river to safety.  G.W.‘s life is spared - #1

 G.W. and VA militia (citizen soldiers) are assigned to build a fort at the “forks of the Ohio”  They find the French have already built a fort – Ft. Duquesne.  Washington and his men leave to return to VA with the information.

 Battle of Jumonville Glen  May 28, 1754  Ultimately triggers Seven Years’ War  Lt. George Washington and 40 soldiers ambush French militia led by Ensign de Jumonville  Jumonville killed in battle, an act which starts the war

 Washington and his militia ambush French soldiers as they have breakfast.  The French leader, Ensign Coulon de Jumonville is killed.  These shots start the F&I War also called the ‘Seven Years War’ ( ) in Europe.

 G.W. and his militia hastily built a stockade for protection from the French & Indians – called Ft. Necessity.  A strong storm wet their powder and flooded the fort.  Washington and his men were captured.

 The document was written in French (G.W. could not read French).  He and his men were permitted to march out since France and GB were not officially at war.  By signing the paper, G.W. unknowingly admitted to assassinating the French leader Jumonville…  G.W.’s life is spared - #2

 Braddock with 2,600 British soldiers march toward Ft. Duquesne, attempting to capture it.  They make a road from VA to the OH Country.  After crossing the Mon. river, they march on at Turtle Creek (near Kennywood Park today).  The march in order while playing drums!

 G.Washington, acting as a guide (Aide-de-Camp) for the British, warns Braddock that the French & Indians will use ‘guerilla tactics’ in battle (shoot from cover then move to new spots).  Braddock does not heed G.W’s warning’  1000 British are killed along with Gen.Braddock Regular forces (French and Britsh) use European tactics: -Soldiers form parallel lines and face off at 100 yards or less -Several volleys of musket fire precede a bayonet charge

 Battle of the Monongahela  July 9, 1755  Tough terrain  French defenders prepare an ambush  Braddock fatally wounded  George Washington becomes a hero  French inflict defeat on British

 Washington helped the British retreat while carrying the mortally wounded Braddock.  G.W. had bullets go through his coat and horses shot from under him – his life is spared again! - #3.  Braddock is buried under the road in the mountains (1 mile west of Fort Necessity)

 William Pitt takes over wartime operations and plans a new campaign to defeat the French in the OH Country.  This is seen as the turning point of the war.  In 1757, he gives command to Gen. Forbes along with 2000 British troops.  Forbes cuts a road across PA to take Ft. Duquesne. Ft. Ligonier (Loyalhannah)

 About 50 miles from Ft. Duquesne, this fort was Forbes’ advance base for their march to capture the French fort.  French & Indians stage an attack on Ft. Ligonier to make the British think they are a powerful force.  G.W. stops a ‘friendly fire’ incident – saved #4

 The ‘trick’ fails when a prisoner from Ft. Duquesne informs the British that the French have very few men and few Indian allies at this time.  With weather conditions deteriorating, they begin the final assault on Ft. Duquesne.

 Camped a few miles away, the British hear explosions and learn that the French blew up parts of their fort and abandoned it.  The British allow it to burn down and later begin constructing Ft. Pitt.  British in control of the OH Country.

 With loss of Quebec (1759), New France is practically finished  French Navy in Europe defeated at Quiberon Bay, cannot send help  British blockade Montreal  Only a matter of time before French are finished off.

 February 10, 1763  Signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain, with Portugal in agreement  France loses New France and all claims to the territory east of the Mississippi River  Spain ceded Florida to British, but later gets New Orleans and Louisiana from France  France retained islands  Saint Pierre  Miquelon

 British Colonel Henry Bouquet returns to the OH Country with British troops to stop Indian raids on settlers near Ft. Pitt.  He marches across PA using Forbes’ Road (today’s Rt. 30).  The battle took place at Bushy Run (near today’s Greensburg).

 England now largest colonial empire in the world  The Colonists are independence minded under British rule  North America most prosperous area on earth  The French still continue to inhabit areas around Quebec and Montreal

 The war gave control of North America to British  Colonial officers fought in the Revolutionary War  France and Spain cede control to England and never regain former possessions  Legacy of French colonialism lives on today in French- speaking Quebec  Eastern Native American tribes suffered greatly and continued rapid decline