Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu CEF and ELP in developing pupils’ oral skills Kaarina Mäkinen Oct.30-Nov The CEF visited 2.Practical ELP adaptations 3.Samples of oral tests

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu General aspects of using a foreign language in speaking world knowledge (CEF- declarative knowledge) understanding one’s own culture – understanding other cultures openness, warmth, trust (atmosphere) courage & encouragement risk taking politeness willingness to communicate ability to take the situation into account

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Awareness of intercultural competence (Lustig & Koester 1993) empathy respect tolerance (ambiguity) non-judgemental attitude group problem solving knowledge of the rules of interaction

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu CEF in planning a portfolio course in spoken interaction (CEF 2001, 26-27) A1 I can interact in a simple way provided the other person is prepared to repeat or rephrase things at a slower rate of speech and help me formulate what I’m trying to say. I can ask and answer simple questions in areas of immediate need or on very familiar topics.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Spoken interaction/Common reference levels A2 I can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar topics and activities. I can handle very short social exchanges, even though I can’t usually understand enough to keep the conversation going myself.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Spoken interaction/Common reference levels B1 I can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. I can enter unprepared into conversation on topics that are familiar, of personal interest or pertinent to everyday life (e.g. family, hobbies, work, travel and current events).

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Spoken interaction/Common reference levels B2 I can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible. I can take an active part in discussion in familiar contexts, accounting for and sustaining my views.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Spoken interaction/Common reference levels C1 I can express myself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. I can use language flexibly and effectively for social and professional purposes. I can formulate ideas and opinions with precision and relate my contribution skilfully to those of other speakers.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Spoken interaction/Common reference levels C2 I can take part effortlessly in any conversation or discussion and have a good familiarity with idiomatic expres- sions and colloquialisms. I can express myself fluently and convey finer shades of meaning precisely. If I do have a problem i can backtrack and restructure around the difficulty so smoothly that other people are hardly aware of it.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu CEF in planning a portfolio course in spoken production (CEF 2001:26-27) SPOKEN PRODUCTION A1 I can use simple phrases and sentences to describe where I live and people I know. A2 I can use a series phrases and sentences to describe in simple terms my family and other people, living conditions, my educational background, and my present or most recent job.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Spoken production/Common reference levels B1 I can connect phrases in a simple way in order to describe experiences and events, my dreams, hopes and ambitions. I can briefly give reasons and explanations for opnions and plans. I can narrate a story or relate the plot of a book or film and describe my reactions.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Spoken production/Common reference levels B2 I can present clear, detailed descriptions on a wide range of subjects related to my field of interest. I can explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. C1 I can present clear, detailed descriptions of complex subjects integrating sub-themes, developing particular points and rounding off with an appropriate conclusion.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Spoken production/Common reference levels C2 I can present as clear, smoothly flowing description or argument in a style appropriate to the context and with an effective logical structure which helps the recipient to notice and remember significant points.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Texts, tasks and strategies Texts: samples of spoken or written language Tasks: action-oriented approach, i.e. tasks are related to texts in a way that allows the utilisation of the language user’s linguistic and general competences (Ellis 2003). Tasks may be non-linguistic, purely linguistic or a mixture of linguistic and other components. Strategies: if tasks are not automatic or routine, they necessitate the use of strategies.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Language activities (CEF 2001: 15-16) 1) Reception 2) Production 3) Interaction 4) Mediation 1-4 necessary in the processing of oral texts.

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu Comunicative language competences (CEF: ) The linguistic competence (lexical, grammatical, semantic, phonological, orthographic, orthoepic competences) The pragmatic competence (discourse competence, functional competence and design competence) The sociolinguistic competences (linguistic markers of social relations, politeness conventions, expressions of folk wisdom, register differences, dialect and accent)

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu The language user’s general competences (CEF 2001: ) Declarative knowledge (the knowledge of the world, sociocultural knowledge, intercultural awareness) Skills and know-how (practical skills and know-how, intercultural skills and know- how) Existential competence (abilities, motivations, values, beliefs, cognitive styles, personality factors) Ability to learn (language & communication awareness, phonetic awareness, study skills, heuristic skills)

Oct. 30th - Nov. 3rd 2006 Kaarina Mäkinen University of Oulu The language user’s general competences cont. Successful intercultural communication may lead to more understanding and more tolerance and less prejudice, xenophobia and racism. Intercultural awareness, knowledge of ´otherness´ and intercultural skills are teachable and learnable. The CEF – flexible and versatile enough! (H-M Järvinen 2004,150) Domains: personal, public, occupational and educational (CEF 2001: 45-50)