Cell Organelles © Cramer 2007 Use this presentation in conjunction with the Cell Organelle note-taking worksheet. Run through the entire presentation before using it in class so that you know what’s coming next! It helps to print the outline and notes to have with you while presenting so that there are no surprises. –JessB.org © Cramer 2007

Cell Organelles Animal Cell You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”

Organelle= “little organ” Found only inside eukaryotic cells All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol Everything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm

Cell (Plasma) Membrane Emphasize word parts here: phospho= phosphate head; lipid= fatty acid tail bi= 2 Nickname: Security Guard Boundary of the cell Lets some material in, waste out, and blocks harmful materials

Nucleus Nickname: The Boss Control center of the cell Nucleolus contains DNA, the cells instruction manual Surrounded by a double membrane Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope Usually one per cell Cells with more than one nucleus include muscle cells and liver cells, largely because of the massive volume of cytoplasm and number of organelles that need controlling.

Cytoskeleton Acts as skeleton and muscle Provides shape and structure Helps move organelles around the cell Made of three types of filaments Actin, also found in muscle cells, mainly help maintain cell shape in their cytoskeletal role. Microtubules mostly move organelles around the cell. Intermediate filaments also provide structural support.

Centriole Aids in cell division Usually found only in animal cells Made of microtubules Part of the Cytoplasm Microtubules are also part of the cytoskeleton.

Ribosome Nickname: Worker Makes protein Found attached to rough ER or floating free Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. In this diagram, you can see the ribosome is making a polypeptide, also known as a protein.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: Roads Connected to nuclear membrane Highway of the cell Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes It’s not necessary that the students can read the labels here; just point out the black dots are ribosomes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth ER: No ribosomes; It makes fats or lipids Breaks down toxic material that could damage the cell Sac of material It’s not necessary that the students can read the labels here; just point out the black dots are ribosomes.

Golgi Apparatus Nickname: The Shippers Looks like a stack of pancakes Packages, modifies, and transports materials to different locations Materials transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles Cells that make saliva or mucus have lots of Golgi bodies AKA Golgi Complex. It is not necessary that the students read the labels, this diagram gives them a general idea of the Golgi’s shape.

Lysosomes Nickname: Clean-up Crew Circular but bigger than ribosomes Small bubbles filled with digestive material Breaks down ‘food’ into particles the rest of the cell can use Found mainly in animal cells Students should recognize the shapes of the Golgi and ER even if they cannot read the captions.

Lysosomes Nickname: Clean-up Crew Garbage disposal of the cell Gets rid of waste Destroys damaged organelles Helps white blood cells destroy bacteria Sometimes called the Suicide Sac because it ‘kills’ worn out cells Lysosomes will rupture releasing enzymes that dissolve everything inside the cell. This allows a body to quickly break down worn out cells. Students should recognize the shapes of the Golgi and ER even if they cannot read the captions.

Mitochondria Nickname: Powerhouse of the cell Converts ‘food’ into energy the cell can use Needs oxygen like a furnace to convert energy Many mitochondria found in muscle cells Explain that this diagram shows the mitochondria cut open to reveal the internal membranes.

Cytoplasm Nickname: Factory Floor Clear jelly-like fluid that contains all the organelles Made mostly of water Moves materials throughout the cells Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis.

Plant Cells Have most of the same organelles as animal cells Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis.

Plant Cell Vacuole Cell Membrane

Vacuoles Function: Storage container for water, food, etc. Large central vacuole usually in plant cells Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells Stores water in plants This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts The image is 2D, so it must have been a light microscope or TEM. If the cell is very tiny, then a TEM was used. Otherwise, a strong light microscope could have captured this image.

Plant Cell Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane

Chloroplast Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Found only in plant cells Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment Chloroplasts absorb light, which is the catalyst for photosynthesis.

Plant Cell Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall

Cell Wall Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Found in plant and bacterial cells Rigid, protective barrier Located outside of the cell membrane Made of cellulose (fiber) That’s what makes celery crunchy This is an actual microscopic image. Explain that the colors are added digitally to enhance the different parts.

Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus Which organelle holds the cell together? Cell membrane Which organelles are not found in animal cells? Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts Which organelle helps plant cells make food? Chloroplasts What does E.R. stand for? Endoplasmic reticulum You may choose to delete the answers from the PowerPoint or change the animation so that they come in after all 5 questions are asked in case you want to quiz students individually at the end.