Masalah Kesehatan Mata

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Presentation transcript:

Masalah Kesehatan Mata Tri Rahayu Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia

Jenis-Jenis Pokok Bahasan Mata Merah Visus Normal Mata Merah Visus Turun Mata Tenang Visus turun Mendadak Perlahan Trauma mata Kelainan Posisi dan Letak Bola Mata Kelainan Refraksi

Dasar Pemecahan Masalah Mata Penguasaan anatomi, fisiologi dan patogenesis organ mata Pemeriksaaan Dasar mata Diagnosis Perencanaan pengobatan : tuntas, inisial rujuk atau rujukan

Anatomy of the eye Punctum Upper eyelid lacrimalis Lateral Canthus Cornea Limbus Conjunctiva Pupil Iris Karunkula Upper eyelid Medial Canthus Lower eyelid

Anatomy of the eye { Ciliary body Vitreous (‘glass jelly’)‏ Cornea Optic nerve Macula Pupil Iris Lens Limbus { Anterior Chamber Posterior Lens zonules Extraocular Muscles Retina Choroid Sclera

Pemeriksaan Mata Anamnesis Pemeriksaan Visus Inspeksi Pemeriksaan segmen Anterior Pemeriksaan Segmen Posterior (Funduskopi)‏ Pemeriksaan Tambahan

Anamnesis Keluhan utama Riwayat penyakit Mata merah, visus menurun Mata merah, visus baik Mata tenang, visus menurun mendadak Mata tenang, visus menurun perlahan Riwayat penyakit Riwayat keluarga Penyakit sistemis

Mata Merah Visus Menurun Kelainan berada di media refraksi Media refraksi: kornea, bilik mata depan, lensa, badan kaca, retina Kornea: keratitis, ulkus kornea Bilik mata depan: uveitis anterior Retina: glaukoma akut, uveitis posterior

Mata Merah Visus Turun Organ Mata media refraksi terganggu Terdapat pelebaran pembuluh darah pada organ mata media refraksi Terjadi kekeruhan organ mata media refraksi segmen anterior Sebut D/ penyakit - penyakit

Mata Merah Visus Menurun

Mata Merah Visus Baik Kelainan bukan berada di media refraksi Kelainan: di konjungtiva Kelainan berupa konjungtivitis

Mata Tenang Visus Menurun Mata tenang visus menurun akut: Ablasio retina Neuritis optika Oklusi arteri / vena retina Mata tenang visus menurun perlahan Katarak Miopia progresive Glaukoma kronis Retinopati Degenerasi Makula

ABLASI RETINA Retina sensorik terpisah dari lapisan pigmen akibat masuknya cairan sub retinal Rhegmatogenous Akibat robekan retina Non-rhegmatogenous Akibat traksi atau eksudatif

CABANG SENTRAL OKLUSI VENA RETINA

NEURITIS OPTIKA

Mata tenang visus menurun perlahan KATARAK Immatur Matur Mata tenang visus menurun perlahan KATARAK Hipermatur Morgagnian

Status Ophthalmologicus PRINSIP PENGUKURAN VISUS Membedakan 2 titik terpisah Besar 1 menit busur Besar tiap huruf 5 menit

PENGUKURAN VISUS TES PINHOLE KARTU SNELLEN PECAHAN = jarak pemeriksan ----------------------------------- Jarak huruf terkecil yang masih dapat terbaca (kode/skore) TIDAK ADA SATUAN PENCATATAN : Pecahan 6/50 - 6/6 Decimal

Visus 1/60 (Hitung jari = Counting Finger)‏ Visus 1/300 (Hand Movement)‏ Proyeksi (Superior, Inferior, Nasal, Temporal)‏ Visus 1/~ (light Perception)‏ Visus nol (No Light Perception)‏ ‏

Pemeriksaan refraksi Pemeriksan Refraksi Tes Baca Kartu pemeriksaan penglihatan anak

Asimetri bentuk dan cara test Inspeksi Umum Asimetri bentuk dan cara test Otot ekstraokuler

KEDUDUKAN BOLA MATA ESOTROPIA EXOTROPIA HIPERTROPIA HIPOTROPIA

DERAJAT HETEROTROPIA ORTO tengah pupil 15 * ET tepi pupil 30* ET tepi limbus 45 *ET luar limbus

PERGERAKAN BOLA MATA CARDINAL GAZE FIELD: Menilai kerja ke-6 otot ekstraokuler Konvergensi Diplopia Nystagmus

CARDINAL GAZE FIELD

Pemeriksaan Bola Mata Pemeriksaan segmen anterior : Supersilia, palpebra, konjungtiva tarsal, konjungtiva bulbi, kornea, kamera okuli anterior, iris, pupil, dan lensa. Pemeriksaan segmen posterior: Badan kaca, retina, papil saraf optik

INJEKSI KONJUNGTIVA BULBI Injeksi Siliar Injeksi Konjungtiva INJEKSI KONJUNGTIVA BULBI Injeksi Sklera

TES SENSITIVITAS KORNEA

TES PLACIDO

TES FLUORESCEIN

BILIK MATA DEPAN HIPOPION

IRIS Crypti Warna Perlekatan = Synechia Operasi : iridektomi perifer Iridodialisis

LENSA Katarak Shadow test

KATARAK

PEMERIKSAAN FUNDUSKOPI

SISTEMATIKA PENILAIAN FUNDUS

PAPIL N. OPTIKUS CUPPING KECIL (fisiologis)‏ CUPPING BESAR (fisiologis)‏ CUPPING GLAUKOMA (total)‏

PAPIL ATROPI SEKUNDER

Pemeriksaan oftalmoskopi

PEMERIKSAAN TAMBAHAN KAMPIMETRI TONOMETRI EXOFTALMOMETRI ANEL TES SCHIRMER

Pemeriksa dianggap normal TES KONFRONTASI Berhadapan jarak 1 m Pemeriksa dianggap normal

PEMERIKSAAN TIO PALPASI 2 Tangan 1 Tangan

TONOMETER SCHIOTZ 1 TERA

Thank You