2. SPECIAL SENSES: VISION MARTINI, FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, 8 TH EDITION, CHAPTER # 17 Exercise # 21

3. 3/5/20162 NOTE: THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS / THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS / QUIZZES. QUIZZES. STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS

4. 3/5/20163 OBJECTIVES Identifying the structures of the eye and describe their functions. Identifying the structures of the eye and describe their functions.

5. 3/5/20164 VISION VISION Accessory structures of the eye Eyeball Aqueous humor Scleral venous sinus Vitreous humor or body

6. ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE EYES: MUSCLES MUSCLEACTION SUPERIOR RECTUS EYE LOOKS UP INFERIOR RECTUS EYE LOOKS DOWN LATERAL RECTUS EYE ROTATES LATERALLY MEDIAL RECTUS EYE ROTATES MEDIALLY SUPERIOR OBLIQUE EYE ROLLS, LOOKS DOWN & TO THE SIDE INFERIOR OBLIQUE EYE ROLLS, LOOKS UP & TO THE SIDE

7. 3/5/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.6

8. 3/5/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.7

9. 3/5/20168 ACCESSORY STRUCTURES: GLANDS Lacrimal gland- tear production Lacrimal gland- tear production Lacrimal sac- collect tears & send them to the nasolacrimal duct Lacrimal sac- collect tears & send them to the nasolacrimal duct Nasolacrimal duct- to drain excess of tears to the nasal cavity Nasolacrimal duct- to drain excess of tears to the nasal cavity

10. 3/5/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.9

11. EYEBALL: COATS Cornea (clear outer part)- it allows the light to come in Cornea (clear outer part)- it allows the light to come in Sclera (white part)- it protects & gives the shape to the eyes Sclera (white part)- it protects & gives the shape to the eyes Choroids - to nourish &to absorb excess of light Choroids - to nourish &to absorb excess of light Ciliary body- to contain the ciliary muscle and ciliary process Ciliary body- to contain the ciliary muscle and ciliary process Suspensory ligament- it holds the lens in place Suspensory ligament- it holds the lens in place Iris (part with color)- to control the size of pupil Iris (part with color)- to control the size of pupil Pupil (hole)- it lets the light to go inside Pupil (hole)- it lets the light to go inside

12. 3/5/201611 Retina- it contains photoreceptors Retina- it contains photoreceptors Ganglion cells (their axons form the optic Ganglion cells (their axons form the optic nerve)-they carry visual info nerve)-they carry visual info Bipolar cells-to connect the ganglion cells Bipolar cells-to connect the ganglion cells to the photoreceptors to the photoreceptors Photoreceptors- to capture the light Photoreceptors- to capture the light Rods- night, white & black vision Rods- night, white & black vision Cones- bright & color vision Cones- bright & color vision Optic disc (blind spot)- area without Optic disc (blind spot)- area without photoreceptors where the optic nerve goes out photoreceptors where the optic nerve goes out Macula lutea- it contains high Macula lutea- it contains high concentration of cones (yellow spot) concentration of cones (yellow spot) Fovea centralis (inside the macula lutea)- Fovea centralis (inside the macula lutea)- To give sharpest vision To give sharpest vision

13. 3/5/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.12

14. 3/5/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.13

15. 3/5/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.14

16. 3/5/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.15

17. 3/5/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.16

18. 3/5/201617 Lens- to focus the light Lens- to focus the light Cavities Cavities Anterior cavity- it contains the aqueous humor Anterior cavity- it contains the aqueous humor Anterior chamber (space between the cornea Anterior chamber (space between the cornea & Iris)- it contains aqueous humor & Iris)- it contains aqueous humor Posterior chamber (between iris & lens)- it also contains Posterior chamber (between iris & lens)- it also contains aqueous humor aqueous humor Posterior cavity (area behind the lens)- Posterior cavity (area behind the lens)- it contains vitreous humor it contains vitreous humor

19. 3/5/2016ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.18

20. 3/5/201619 AQUEOUS HUMOR, SCLERAL VENOUS SINUS & VITREOUS HUMOR Aqueous humor- to nourish the lens & the cornea Aqueous humor- to nourish the lens & the cornea Because they do not have blood vessels Because they do not have blood vessels Sclera venous sinus (canal of schelmm)- to drain Sclera venous sinus (canal of schelmm)- to drain the aqueous humor. the aqueous humor. Important- if obstruction = glaucoma = blindness Important- if obstruction = glaucoma = blindness Vitreous humor- it maintains the shape of the Vitreous humor- it maintains the shape of the lens & prevents collapse lens & prevents collapse

21. 3/5/201620 REMEMBER! GO TO THE TUTORING ROMM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS. ROMM 3326.