Case Study: Politics in China Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. How many people live in China?

Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Country Bio: China Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Current Policy Challenges  Fostering economic growth and material life  Economy has grown at rate of 10 percent per year since 1980  Economic success has not been costless  Corruption  Rural land reform  Growing wealth gap  Abandoned strictures of communist ideology  Opened up political processes to most diversified inputs  Suppressed challenges to Communist Party  Fostering economic growth and material life  Economy has grown at rate of 10 percent per year since 1980  Economic success has not been costless  Corruption  Rural land reform  Growing wealth gap  Abandoned strictures of communist ideology  Opened up political processes to most diversified inputs  Suppressed challenges to Communist Party Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Structure of the Party State  Design Features  Guardianship  Describes main relationship between Communist Party and society  Party Organization  Democratic centralism – Leninist principle  Refers to consultation: opportunities for discussion, criticism, proposals  Two Hierarchies, with Party Leadership  Division of labor between party and government structures  Design Features  Guardianship  Describes main relationship between Communist Party and society  Party Organization  Democratic centralism – Leninist principle  Refers to consultation: opportunities for discussion, criticism, proposals  Two Hierarchies, with Party Leadership  Division of labor between party and government structures Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Structure of the Party State Government Structures  National People’s Congress (NPC) – legislature  Elected for 5-year terms by delegates in provincial congresses and armed forces  Assemble annually for a plenary session of 2 weeks  Extensive powers: amendment of constitution, passage and amendment of legislation, approval of economic plans  Too large, meets infrequently,  Lawmaking role of less cumbersome NPC Standing Committee gaining Government Structures  National People’s Congress (NPC) – legislature  Elected for 5-year terms by delegates in provincial congresses and armed forces  Assemble annually for a plenary session of 2 weeks  Extensive powers: amendment of constitution, passage and amendment of legislation, approval of economic plans  Too large, meets infrequently,  Lawmaking role of less cumbersome NPC Standing Committee gaining Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Structure of the Party State  State Council: Premier, cabinet of vice-premiers, state councilors, ministers, auditor general, secretary general  Standing Committee, meets twice weekly  Legislation drafted by specialized ministries under direction of cabinet  President, Head of State: ceremonial office  Communist Party Leadership: Party leaders have veto power over legislation  Judiciary: Supreme People’s Court  Supreme People’s Procuratorate  State Council: Premier, cabinet of vice-premiers, state councilors, ministers, auditor general, secretary general  Standing Committee, meets twice weekly  Legislation drafted by specialized ministries under direction of cabinet  President, Head of State: ceremonial office  Communist Party Leadership: Party leaders have veto power over legislation  Judiciary: Supreme People’s Court  Supreme People’s Procuratorate Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Structure of the Party State  Party Structures  National Party Congress  Central Committee  Exercises powers of congress between sessions  Chinese political elites  Politburo  Politburo Standing Committee  Top Leader and Succession Problem  Party Bureaucracy  Party Structures  National Party Congress  Central Committee  Exercises powers of congress between sessions  Chinese political elites  Politburo  Politburo Standing Committee  Top Leader and Succession Problem  Party Bureaucracy Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Policymaking and Implementation  Policymaking: 3 tiers  Politburo and its Standing Committee  Leading small groups (LSGs)  Relevant party departments and government ministries  From agenda setting to implementing regulation  5 stages: agenda setting, interagency review, Politburo approval, NPC review, debate, passage  Policy implementation  Monitoring  Policy Priorities  Adapting Policy to Local Conditions  Corruption  Policymaking: 3 tiers  Politburo and its Standing Committee  Leading small groups (LSGs)  Relevant party departments and government ministries  From agenda setting to implementing regulation  5 stages: agenda setting, interagency review, Politburo approval, NPC review, debate, passage  Policy implementation  Monitoring  Policy Priorities  Adapting Policy to Local Conditions  Corruption Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Policy Performance  Economic Growth  Opening to foreign trade, investment  Decentralization  Reform of State Owned Enterprises (SOE)  Environmental Degradation  Economic growth = serious environmental damage  Health, productivity costs  EPBs: local environmental protection bureaus  State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA)  Population Control: one-child family policy  Policy implementation: incentives used to encourage one child policy  Perverse outcomes: shortage of girls  Economic Growth  Opening to foreign trade, investment  Decentralization  Reform of State Owned Enterprises (SOE)  Environmental Degradation  Economic growth = serious environmental damage  Health, productivity costs  EPBs: local environmental protection bureaus  State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA)  Population Control: one-child family policy  Policy implementation: incentives used to encourage one child policy  Perverse outcomes: shortage of girls Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

China’s Political Future  Dramatic changes in economy, polity, society  Will democratization reach China?  Authoritarianism has not survived intact with economic modernization in many East Asian countries.  Communist Party will continue to transform China, transform itself in order to continue rule  Dramatic changes in economy, polity, society  Will democratization reach China?  Authoritarianism has not survived intact with economic modernization in many East Asian countries.  Communist Party will continue to transform China, transform itself in order to continue rule Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.