Department of Political Science and Social Research Carolin Rüger, M.A. What progress for the CFSP and ESDP after the constitutional crisis? A new rationale for the EU and the concept of „citizen mainstreaming“ CEPSA Annual Conference Portorož, 25 May 2007 Bye bye, EU Foreign Minister?

Overview 1. Innovations of the Constitutional Treaty regarding CFSP & ESDP – analysis and evaluation 2. Consequences of the constitutional crisis for the future of CFSP & ESDP 3. Reconnecting with the citizens – a new rationale and the concept of “citizen mainstreaming”

Innovations of the TCE regarding CFSP & ESDP – analysis and evaluation  Foreign Minister Permanent President of the European Council Commissioner for External Relations High Representative for CFSP European External Action Service (EEAS) + inherent concurrence assistance potential problem: triple dependence of Foreign Minister  balancing act

Innovations of the TCE regarding CFSP & ESDP – analysis and evaluation Conclusion: viable set of instruments and procedures balancing act of Foreign Minister might get a problem especially remarkable: flexible cooperation in ESDP Achilles’ heel: unanimity, but: Constitutional Treaty promotes the principle of “brusselizing” the CFSP political will remains pivotal point ESS as strategic framework criteria for evaluation coherenceconsistency efficiencyvisibilityability to act quickly

Consequences of the constitutional crisis for the future of CFSP & ESDP... some reform projects are already being implemented.... other ideas could be developed without enactment of the TCE. An eventual failure of the Constitutional Treaty wouldn’t paralyse the development of CFSP & ESDP, because... lack of transparency, legitimacy and credibility “soft constitutionalising” problem:

Key strategic task for the EU: Re-connecting with the citizens Double C-crisis crisis of confidence crisis of constitution Search for a new rationale / „raison d‘être“ / master project PROJECT IN THE AREA OF SECURITY?

Citizens‘ attitude towards a common foreign policy Eurobarometer 66, Autumn 2006

Citizens‘ attitude towards a common defence and security policy Eurobarometer 66, Autumn 2006

The concept of „citizen mainstreaming“ In order to fulfill the key strategic task of reconnecting with the citizens the EU should embark on a definition of a new legitimising project approach of citizen mainstreaming the process of assessing the implications and the added-value for citizens of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels for example in the area of security It is only with the acceptance and backing of the citizens that the EU can make a difference. salvation of the constitutional substance more transparency, politisation, personalisation, democratisation threefold strategy

DECISION-MAKING unanimity as a general rule (only few exceptions  emergency brake) possibility of constructive abstention “passerelle” / bridging clause FURTHER ARRANGEMENTS solidarity clause (in case of a terrorist attack or a natural or man-made disaster) mutual aid and assistance obligation (in case of a conventional military attack) FLEXIBLE COOPERATION enhanced cooperation in the whole range of CFSP & ESDP permanent structured cooperation  EDA formation of groups  Petersberg-plus tasks Innovations of the TCE regarding CFSP & ESDP – analysis and evaluation

European Citizens‘ Consultations process graph

Foreign Minister manager of CFSP & ESDP COMPETENCIES IN DETAIL right of co-initiative (I-28,2 and III-299) coordination / ensuring consistency (I-28,4) control of the compliance of Member States‘ actions with the principles of loyality and mutual solidarity (III-294,2) mediation in case of a blockade in the Council (III-300,2) implementation of measures (III-296,1) crisis management (III-307,2) authority over special representatives (III-300,2) external representation of the Union at his / her level (III-296,2) Competencies of Foreign Minister

European division on Iraq

Eurobarometer 66, Autumn 2006 Public opinion on the TCE