The Jungle

In Class Essay- How does Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle reflect the progressive movement? W-workers F- food safety I=immigration PC= political corruption BC= business corruption UP=Urban poverty CL=Child labor P=prostitution A=Alcohol

In Class Essay How does Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle reflect the progressive movement? Breen’s six characteristics of progressivism Concern about effects of industrialization and conditions of industrial life Optimism about human nature, belief in “expert” study of a problem followed by education of the public

In Class Essay How does Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle reflect the progressive movement? Breen’s six characteristics of progressivism Willing to intervene in people’s lives (paternalistic) Turned to government authority at all levels to institute reform (local, state, federal)

In Class Essay How does Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle reflect the progressive movement? Breen’s six characteristics of progressivism Evangelical Protestantism and natural/social science approach- idea that environment key to reform- change the environment- change the individual! National reach (nationwide movement) and a mass base (lots of ppl)

Examples of Progressivism- 2nd Professions became more standardized, regulated: doctors had professional exams, AMA, lawyers had bar exam, teachers formed NEA, social workers formed NFS (p. 656)-education, health, child labor Temperance Movement worked to stop drinking, 2,3,4,6 alcohol- 657-658 WCTU

Examples of Progressivism- 2nd Alice Hamilton- one of few female grads of med school, worked at Hull House, studied work-related illnesses, discovered disease caused by fumes/dust lobbied states to regulate factories to prevent this disease Social Justice Movement General Federation of Women’s Clubs had Industrial Section & Committee on Legislation for Women & Children, pushed for laws safeguarding women & children workers, National Child Labor Committee- changes in 28 states for kids/39 for women, OFTEN overruled by courts

Examples of Progressivism- 2nd Social Justice Movement General Federation of Women’s Clubs had Industrial Section & Committee on Legislation for Women & Children, pushed for laws safeguarding women & children workers, National Child Labor Committee- changes in 28 states for kids/39 for women, OFTEN overruled by courts Farmers joined National Farm Bureau Federation to spread information about farming, improve their lives

Progressives 2nd Charity Organization Society of NY- Spring 1900 held house expo, presented new sociological data (pix, maps, stats, etc) on tenements and slum districts Politicians- Cleveland, OH Tom Johnson had panel of advisers, outdoor meetings to educate the public, began to enact public ownership of utilities (water, gas, electric, transportation) “gas & water socialism”

Progressives 2nd Robert LaFollette- WI idea established 1st industrial commission to regulate factory safety & sanitation, improved public education, worker’s compensation, public utility controls, & resource conservation LaFollette lowered railroad rates, raised RR taxes, pushed for direct primaries for governors in Wisconsin (voters would get more say), state income tax in WI. Creation of state regulatory commissions to hold hearings and take action on business practices that were hurting the public (set maximum prices, etc.) National Conference of Social Work- share methods, establish sw as a separate field

Progressives 2nd Women’s Christian Temperance Union- ¼ million member, largest women’s org, joined anti-saloon league, eventually succeeded in banning alcohol in 19 states & finally helped pass 18th Amendment- Prohibition of Alcohol Meat Inspection Act- set rules for sanitary meat packing reaction to The Jungle read by Roosevelt, he commissioned study of plants that corroborated details in TJ, social justice in form of women’s rights- American Women’s Suffrage Assoc

Examples of Progressivism- 6th Amoskeag welfare & efficiency program- provided playgrounds, visiting nurses, home buying plans; dinners/picnics, baseball teams Professions- began to create standards, professional organizations- lawyers created bar association/bar exam, Women’s suffrage movement- Women’s Christian Temperance Union- wanted to prohibit alcohol, women also lobbied to eliminate prostitution

Examples of Progressivism- 6th Amoskeag welfare & efficiency program- provided playgrounds, visiting nurses, home buying plans; dinners/picnics, baseball teams Professions- began to create standards, professional organizations- lawyers created bar association/bar exam, Women’s suffrage movement- in social justice movement argued needed right to vote to influence elected officials to reform/purify societypudge Women’s Christian Temperance Union- wanted to prohibit alcohol, women also lobbied to eliminate prostitution

Examples of Progressivism- 6th Early 1900’s reform leagues in major cities, 1 leader advised by experts to manage various problems #4, #2 #4 (govt reform) created Natl. Municipal League forum for debate over civic reform, changes in tax laws, public ownership of utilities La Follette’s Wisconsin Idea- regulated factory safety & sanitation, Governor of Wisconsin, later Senator #4, #1 Alice Hamilton studied lead poisoning & other indus. Diseases, IL passed state law providing compensation for diseases caused by poisonous fumes & dust #2, 4, #1

Examples of Progressivism- 6th John Dewey education reform, less focus on rote learning, more focus on experiential education, discovery with aid of teacher 1910 Mann Act (cong) prohibited transportation of women for immoral purposes (anti-prostitution) #6, 4, 3 Social Justice reformers formed Natl. Conference of Charities & Corrections became Natl. Conf of Social Work, formed magazine to spread ideas, created professional schools for SW #6, 3, 2 States created regulatory commissions to look over large corporations, prevent corruption #4, 6

Examples of Progressivism- 6th General Federation of Women’s Clubs supported reforms to safeguard women and children workers, improve schools, insure pure food, beautify the community #1, 5, 6 Roosevelt supported Elkins Act 1903- prohibited railroad rebates, increased powers ICC, 6, 4, 1 Judge Ben Lindsay concluded children not inherently evil, shaped environment, sentenced them to education, supported playgrounds, slum clearance, public baths, technical schools

Examples of Progressivism- 6th Women’s suffrage movement changed argument from natural rights to idea that women needed to vote so they could reform & purify society Tom L. Johnson (mayor of Cleveland) improved taxation, prisons, regulated utilities, cut down corruption #1, 4 1906 Meat Inspection encouraged by TR, set rules for sanitary meat packing & govt. inspection of meat products enc. By The Jungle Pure Food & Drug Act- b4 passed many pharmaceutical drugs used alcohol, were “undiluted frauds”, American Medical Association joined with TR to pass act requiring mfg. to list ingredients in labels #4, 6, 2 Alice Paul & Lucy Burns (congressional Union) more militant than Carrie Chapman Catt, focused on appealing to congress rather than states & picketed white house for women’s suffrage #6, 4

Examples of Progressivism- 6th WCTU- encouraged passage of 18th Amendment- Prohibition (mfg/sale of alcohol) #4,3 Square Deal Coal miners demanded fewer hours, more pay in strike, Coal co’s refused TR sent military told companies they had to give better wages, encouraged them to raise prices to offset wage increase #4ppl #4 the

Examples of Progressivism- 8th #1- Wisconsin Idea of Bob La Follette – regulated factory safety & sanitation, also reformed taxation system WI 1st state income tax, (Senator, later Governor) TR reform program regulated RR’s, protected employers #1, 4 Alice Hamilton went to med school, concerned about workers, studied diseases (lead poisoning) contracted in industry, traced typhoid to flies, IL passed first state law providing worker’s comp for diseases contracted fumes & dust

Examples of Progressivism- 8th National American Woman Suffrage Association- lobbied for passage of 19th Amendment (women’s right to vote) #6, 4 Women changed argument from natural right to more pragmatic argument (a la William James)- women more moral, needed to vote to purify society #4, 5 TR trust busting- sued Northern Securities (upheld by Supreme Court) dissolved company, also suits vs. RR, tobacco, oil #4, #3

Examples of Progressivism- 8th WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union) over ¼ million members #6, #3 Passed 18th Amendment- Prohibition (mfg., sale, transport of intoxicating liquors) #4 American Medical Association (AMA) set educational requirements/standards for practice for doctors #3, #2 National Child Labor Committee- lobbied for leg. To regulate the employment & working conditions of children #1, #3, #4

Examples of Progressivism- 8th Ivy Levy- incorporated public relations in PA Railroad & Standard Oil, wanted to improve relations between workers & management #1 Social Justice Movement- hoped to make laws for child labor & improve working conditions for women #3, #1 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)- trying to unite all workers regardless of race, gender, skill to overthrow capitalist system #1 but wanted to overturn capitalism

Examples of Progressivism- 8th Gas & water socialism- public ownership of utilities #1, by 1915 almost 2/3 of American cities owned their own waterworks TR helped pass Meat Inspection Act 1906 after reading The Jungle, appointed commission to study packing industry, required sanitary meatpacking, govt. inspection Pure Food & Drug Act- experimented with medicines, exposed dangers of patent medicines, required drugs to list ingredients

Election of 1912 Dem- Wilson Bull Moose (3rd Party)- Teddy Roosevelt Republican- Taft Socialist- Eugene V. Debs Woodrow Wilson-won due to split of the Republican Party (Progressives vs. business conservatives)

Election of 1912 Roosevelt’s platform- New Nationalism demanded a national approach to affairs & a strong president to deal with them, efficiency in government & society, exalted executive & expert, urged social justice reforms to protect workers, women, and children accepted “good trusts” Woodrow Wilson- New Freedom emphasized business competition, small government (states’ rights, rein in federal authority & only use it to destroy privilege, release individual energy & restore competition)

Wilson as President Federal Reserve Act- Race relations- favorite movie was Birth of a Nation, Progressives, African-Americans both disappointed by his record