Open agro-burning in Asia and potential impact on air quality and climate Kim Oanh N.T. Asian Institute of Technology Thailand BAQ06-Yogjakarta.

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Presentation transcript:

Open agro-burning in Asia and potential impact on air quality and climate Kim Oanh N.T. Asian Institute of Technology Thailand BAQ06-Yogjakarta

Highlights Agro-residue burning and emission AIRPET findings on biomass burning contribution to urban particulate pollution Rice straw burning emission and air quality Emission characterization and study on health effects and climate change properties at AIT

Methodolog y

Emission from Biomass Burning Emission of large amount of PIC including CO, VOC, semi-VOC, fine PM Local effects: health, visibility  PM  Toxic gases: CO, VOC, PAH, etc.  Regional and global effects

O 3 Pollution Trend in BMR with highest levels in 1997 Statistics of hourly O 3 from ambient stations in BMR

Rice Straw Open Burning in Field In many places: USA, Japan, Asia Cheap and fast way for land clearing and some nutrient recovery Asian developing countries Increase in burning areas and frequency Regulations: very limited to none High emission due to incomplete combustion Effects could be substantial but not yet properly quantified

Rice straw burning in Thailand New sources in Vietnam ? VN Express, 2005

PM2.5 and PM10 in six Asian cities Findings of AIRPET High PM levels, especially during dry season Source apportionment study for PM identified high contribution from biomass burning (20- 30% PM2.5) Correlation between CO, PM10 and maximum hourly ozone in BMR and hotspot counts

PM2.5 in 6 AIRPET cities USEPA 24h STD: 65 ug/m3 Annual: 15 ug/m3

Hotspot detected by MODIS in year 2004 overlaid landuse map of BMR Phuong, 2006 (AIT thesis)

Hot spots and monthly average air pollutants in Pathumthani (April 03 – April 04) PM10 CO Danutawat and Kim Oanh, 2006

Daily hot spot count and daily air pollution in Pathumthani (1 February – 31 March 04) 24h-PM10 24h-CO Danutawat and Kim Oanh, 2006

Hotspot counts and maximum hourly ozone in BMR, March 2004 Phuong, 2006 (AIT thesis)

Emission characterization and exposure study by AIT team

PM emission from rice straw burning Kim Oanh et al PM size distribution

Estimated climate impact of rice straw open burning per ha of rice paddy Species Emission factor kg/kg RS Emission Kg/ha GWP for 100-year Kg CO 2 eq., 100 years GWP, 20- years Kg CO 2 eq., 20 years CO , CH 4 * N20*N20* CO , ,750 VOCs * EC , ,250 OC , ,300 Total ,500 22,700 Example: 200,000 ha x 2 crops/year in BMR

Acknowledgement Swedish International Development Agency Fogarty research foundation