Cell Structure and Function Review

Learning Goals Explain the three parts of the cell theory. Correctly use a compound light microscope to observe plant and animal cells. Explain individual function and interrelatedness of organelles. Describe the differences, similarities and evolutionary links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Compare and contrast the structure and function of plant and animal cells.

Explain the three parts of the cell theory. Write the three parts of the cell theory.

Explain the three parts of the cell theory. Matthias Schleiden, Botanist, 1837 All plants are made of cells.

Explain the three parts of the cell theory. Theodor Schwann, Physiologist, 1838 All animals are made of cells

Explain the three parts of the cell theory. Rudolf Virchow, 1858 All cells are made from the division of existing cells

How well did you remember the cell theory? A.I remembered and understood all of the cell theory. B.I had to correct one part of the cell theory. C.I had to correct two or more parts of the cell theory. D.I couldn’t remember any of the cell theory.

Correctly use a compound light microscope to observe plant and animal cells. List the 4 types of microscopes. Describe the steps, in order, for using a compound light microscope.

Correctly use a compound light microscope to observe plant and animal cells. List the 4 types of microscopes. Compound Light - 40x-400x, Living Specimens, 2D Dissecting – 3x – 10x, Living Specimens, 3D Transmission Electron - 500,000x, Dead, 2D Scanning Electron – 30,000x, Dead, 3D

Correctly use a compound light microscope to observe plant and animal cells. Describe the steps, in order, for using a compound light microscope. Double check for scanning power Place the slide on stage Find what you’re looking for and focus with course adjustment. Center the specimen. Switch to low power and focus with fine adjustment. Center the specimen. Switch to high power and focus with fine adjustment.

How well did you remember the parts of the microscope learning goal? A.I knew all four types of microscopes and how to use it properly. B.I knew all four types of microscopes and but not how to use it properly. C.I did not know all four types of microscopes but I did know how to use it properly. D.I could only remember parts of this learning goal.

Explain individual function and interrelatedness of organelles.

In the human body, organs perform specialized jobs. For example, the heart transports blood. In cells, tiny ___________ carry out specialized jobs. 1.tissues 2.Organ systems 3.organelles 4.Organ systems

The job of a cell wall is to: 1.Protect and provide support 2.Allow cells to photosynthesize 3.Surround the cytoplasm

Which is the organelle that holds the cells DNA (its genome) and is the control center of the cell? 1.mitochondria 2.nucleolus 3.Nucleus 4.cytoplasm

What molecules inside the nucleus allow it to serve as the cell’s control center? 1.DNA 2.carbohydrates 3.proteins 4.Lipids 5.RNA

When you view eukaryotic cells via light microscopy, you see a small dark, dense region inside the nucleus. It is called the: 1.ribosome 2.nucleolus 3.nucleoplasm 4.Nuclear membrane 5.Nuclear pore

These organelles are assembled in the nucleolus. 1.golgi 2.ribosomes 3.vacuoles 4.lysosomes

The structure composed of a network of protein filaments whose job is supporting the cell’s shape, allowing cell movement, & moving organelles inside the cell is the: 1.Cell membrane 2.Cell wall 3.Cytoskeleton 4.Cilium, flagellum

Ribosomes 1.Use light energy to make carbohydrates 2.Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food 3.Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct components of membranes & modify proteins 4.Are membrane sacs used for storage 5.Synthesize proteins following gene instructions

Golgi apparatus: 1.Use light energy to make carbohydrates 2.Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins-- marking them for export to final destinations—looks like a stack of pancakes. 3.Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food 4.Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct components of membranes & modify proteins 5.Are membrane sacs used for storage

Lysosomes: 1.Use light energy to make carbohydrates 2.Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins-- marking them for export to the cell membrane—looks like a stack of pancakes. 3.Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food 4.Synthesize proteins following gene instructions 5.Are membrane sacs filled with digestive enzymes used to break down food to smaller particles or to recycle worn out organelles.

Vacuoles: 1.Use light energy to make carbohydrates 2.Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins-- marking them for export to the cell membrane—looks like a stack of pancakes. 3.Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food 4.Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct components of membranes & modify proteins 5.Are membrane sacs used for storage

Chloroplasts: 1.Use light energy to make carbohydrates 2.Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins--marking them for export to final destinations—looks like a stack of pancakes. 3.Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food 4.Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct components of membranes & modify proteins 5.Are membrane sacs used for storage 6.Synthesize proteins following gene instructions

Mitochondria: 1.Use light energy to make carbohydrates 2.Attach carbohydrate & lipid chains to proteins-- marking them for export to final destinations—looks like a stack of pancakes. 3.Make ATP to allow cells to use energy in food 4.Are membrane tube s whose enzymes construct components of membranes & modify proteins

What is the function of the mitochondria? 1.Make lipids 2.Make proteins 3.Control the cell 4.Make energy

What is the function of ribosomeS? 1.Make lipids 2.Make proteins 3.Control the cell 4.Package and transport materials

Which of the following organelles are found only in plant cells? 1.Mitochondria 2.Chloroplast 3.Golgi apparatus 4.Lysosomes

Which of the following cells do not have nuclei? 1.Plant 2.Animal 3.Eukaryote 4.Prokaryote

Where is dna located in a eukaryotic cell? 1.Mitochondria 2.Nucleus 3.Cytoplasm 4.Golgi Apparatus

All cells have 1.Nucleus 2.Endoplasmic reticulum 3.Cell Wall 4.Cell Membrane

How well do you know the organelles and their functions? A.I can recall all of the organelles, their functions, where they are in the cell and how they work together. B.I can recall all of the organelles but am unclear on how some of them work. C.I remember the names of many organelles but don’t know their functions. D.I only remember a few organelles.

Describe the differences, similarities and evolutionary links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

ProkaryotesEukaryotesBoth No nucleus Smaller and simpler cells No membrane bound organelles Most primitive form of life on Earth Example: bacteria Nucleus Larger and more complex cells Have membrane bound organelles Examples: Plants Animals Fungi Protists – single celled (unicellular) organisms Living things DNA Ribosomes Cytoplasm Cell membrane

Describe the differences, similarities and evolutionary links between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. List four things that are different between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Put these differences in order from most important to least important.

What is a membrane bound structure that contains genetic material and controls many of the cell’s activities? 1.Prokaryote 2.Eukaryote 3.Nucleus 4.Cell membrane

Which of the following cells do not contain a nucleus? 1.Animal cell 2.Plant cell 3.Bacterial cell

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes 1.have a nucleus 2.have DNA 3.have membrane bound organelles 4.are the same size

True or false? Eukaryotes are cells that do not have a nucleus. 1.True 2.False

Which type of eukaryotes are often single celled (unicellular)? 1.bacteria 2.protists 3.Fungi like yeasts & molds 4.Mushroom-bearing fungi 5.Plants like trees 6.Animals like brine shrimp or small insects

How well do you know the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? A.I can recall and explain all of the major differences and similarities. B.I can list all of the major differences and similarities. C.I only know a few major differences or similarities. D.I don’t remember the differences between these two types of cells.

Compare and contrast the structure and function of plant and animal cells.

Animals and plants are always multicellular with specialized (they look different & function differently) cells.

Cell walls protect cells from bursting and provide them support against pressure (so they don’t get crushed). Which kingdom (the only one) NEVER has cell walls? 1.Animal 2.Archaebacteria 3.Eubacteria 4.Fungi 5.Protists 6.plants

Which structure is found in (specific to) a plant cell but not an animal cell. 1.Chloroplasts 2.lysosomes 3.mitochondria 4.Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) 5.Smooth ER (SER)

Compare and contrast the structure and function of plant and animal cells. List three things that are different between plant and animal cells. Put these differences in order from most important to least important.

How well do you know the differences between plant and animal cells? A.I can recall and explain all of the major differences and similarities. B.I can list all of the major differences and similarities. C.I only know a few major differences or similarities. D.I don’t remember the differences between these two types of cells.