Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Bacteria Fungi Protists Archaea Plant Animal

Cell History Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Ancient cells First type of cell Primitive cells Modern cells

Two Cell Types Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells Pili

Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranes

Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells Possess many organelles Protozoan

Flagellum Pili Capsule Cell Wall Plasma Membrane Ribosomes DNA Structure Functions Draw a bacteria cell and label the following parts and describe the function: Flagellum Pili Capsule Cell Wall Plasma Membrane Ribosomes DNA

Flagellum Hair-like structure Used for locomotion  movement

Pili Tiny hair-like structures that branch out from cell wall Attach to host tissue or cell  gives them the ability to cause infection Used for conjugation (sending genes)

Capsule Protects from drying out provides protection against phagocytosis from immune cells

Cell Wall Makes cell rigid and gives it shape An anchor for pili and flagella

Comparison Chart Attributes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Cell Size   Cell Organization Presence of Organelles Nucleus DNA Ribosomes ATP Cell Wall Type of Organisms Size of Organisms

Cell Size

Cell Size Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Smaller cells 1 to 10 µm Larger cells

Cell Size Comparison

Cell Organization Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Simple cells with all parts in “one room” Complex cells with many compartments

Presence of Organelles Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Ribosomes only Many, specialized organelles

Nucleus Prokaryotic Eukaryotic NONE! Present

DNA Prokaryotic Eukaryotic DNA is loose in the cytoplasm DNA held of circular chromosome DNA is protected in the nucleus bound by a membrane DNA held on linear chromosomes

Ribosomes Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Small (70s) Large (80s)

ATP Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Production occurs in infolded regions of the cell surface membrane called mesosomes Production occurs in mitochondria

Cell Wall Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Peptidoglyan based (if present) Cellulose based (if present)

Type of Organisms Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Bacteria only! Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists Archaea

Size of Organisms Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Always unicellular Bacteria are cell size: 1 to 10 µm Eukaryotic Mostly multi-cellular Range from cell size (10µm) to the size of a sequoia tree (83 m)

Representative Animal Cell

Representative Plant Cell