Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development

EASTERN REGION

Eastern Region of India West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand 107 districts 22% to the total population 2.5% to the TGA of India 1455 Blocks 21,818 panchayats

Eastern region : At a Glance JharkhandOrissaWest Bengal Bihar Geographic area (in sq km) 79,7141,55,70788, Populations2,69,09,42836,804, Population Density338 per/sq Km236 per/sq km903/sq km880/sq km ST28%22%5.4%16% SC12%16.5%23%1% Rainfall>900mm>1000mm BPL%54%47.15%27.02%42.6%

Agro-climatic Zones

Land use Categories/ statesWest BengalOrissaBihar including Jharkhand Total geographical area (in 000 hectares) Reporting area for land cultivation Forests Not available for cultivation Permanent pasture and grazing land Land under misc. trees crops and groves Culturable wasteland Fallow land other then current fallow Current fallows Net sown area

Agro ecological regions Rainfall (mm)Potential Evapo- transpiration Length of Growing period (in days) Other features South Bihar Plain- Hot, Dry Sub humid Salinity Alkaline ground water Chottanagpur plateau and Garhjat hills-Hot, dry,moist & sub- humid Low productivity Deficiency of micro- nutrients Phosphorus fixation Low productivity Severe erosion Un-bunded uplands Soil gravelliness Eastern ghats, hot moist-sub humid Severe erosion hazard P fixation Deficiency of micro nutrients

AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE VII- EASTERN PLATEAU & HILLS REGION Development of suitable crop, livestock mixed farming system technology. Integrated watershed management involving water harvesting, pond, recycling for production of crops for drylands in the zone. Developing of suitable technology for increasing production of dryland fruits. Development of suitable agroforestry and farming system based on livestock and crops specially for small and marginal farmers of the region AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE IV- MIDDLE-GANGETIC PLAIN REGION Developing suitable farming systems for heavy soils Development of suitable cultivation technology for paddy–wheat- maize system. Specific research efforts on magnesium action dominated soil salinity problems of the region

Scenario of degraded land The distribution of wastelands within the region varies from 4.95% in West Bengal to 14.01% in Jharkhand. With Orissa having 12.17% and Bihar 5.78%. The major categories of wastelands in CP and its extended regions including Santhal Pargana and Eastern Ghat of Orissa are : Degraded forest Land with scrub Jharkhand has 1% of its total wastelands under mining and industrial wasteland category. (151 sq. km.) The effect of mining in rendering a large track of area unfit for agriculture or lose productivity due to mining dust, acidic water is not taken into account

Jharkhand- Overview Lowest on Social Development Index (0.01 – 0.3) Lowest on infrastructure development index ( ). Per capita net production of cereals for India is 523 gms/day. Whereas in Jharkhand the per capita production is 230 gms/day which is lower than gms/day which is the per capital availability in Bihar The productivity of the crops in Jharkhand is below the national average with respect to cereals and oilseeds. The current level of productivity is very low and is about 0.98 tones per Ha with the lowest productivity in the agro climatic zone five (0.72 tones/Ha) The average yield of paddy and wheat, the two major crops of kharif and Rabi seasons varies between 9-12 q/ha compared to national average of 23.3 q for paddy and 18.7 q/ha

Livelihood basket Private land Food security from agriculture (partial mostly) Income from Mahua, Lac, Karanj, char and mango etc Income from Forest NTFP and sale of firewood Tubers and roots for food Income/support from Common Property Resource Income from livestock Wage Labour Local Migration

Weak links in the livelihood basket Low agricultural productivity Practice of subsistence agriculture under adverse and risky conditions Poor soil and water resource condition Lack of access to inputs Poorly/ non managed CPR Leading to High incidence of wasteland and severe rural poverty

Problem Tree FOOD SECURITY Livelihood AgricultureForestService / BusinessLivestockWage Labour Govt. Entitlements

AGRICULTURE MONOCROPPING DEFAULT CROP MANAGEMENT PRACTICE TOPOGRAPHY EROSION POOR SOIL CONDITION UNBUNDED UPLANDS INSUUFFCIENT NUTRIENT APPLICATION INSUFFICIENT ORGANIC MANURE REDUCING NUMBER OF CATTLE POPULATION UNAWARE ABOUT THE ALTERNATIVES FOR MANURING UNAWARE ABOUT BEST AGRICULTURE PRACTICE SHIFT FROM DRYLAND CROPS TOWARDS WATER INTENSIVE CROPS INSUFFCIENT AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION SMALL LAND HOLDING FAMILY SIZE CREDIT AVAILABILITYDYFUNCT PDS SYSTEMRAINFED AGRICULTURE ERRATIC RAINFALL LESS WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES AND MANAGEMENT RECURRING DROUGHT

FOREST LESS AVAILABILITY FUELWOOD DEPENDENTS INCREASED DECREASE IN FOREST COVER NO CONSERVATION/ PLANTATION PLAN LESS AVAILABILITY NTFP LESS AVAILABILITY FODDER FOREST FIRE POOR IMPLEMENTATION OF FRA LESS AVAILABILITY FOOD LOSS OF DIVERSITY

LIVESTOCK SMALL RUMINANT INSUFFCIENT CARE INCIDENCE OF EPIDEMICS HIGH MORTALITY RATE BIG RUMINANT INSUFFICIENT AVAILABILITY OF FEED AND FODDER FOREST DEPLETION LOW PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY DECREASING COMMON LAND

AREA FROM THE LENS

Topography and Cropping system Systemdeg. UplUpl tanrUpl badiMid- uplMediumla nd Low land SoilRocky,loa my sand SL with gravel SL, Sclay Loam SLSclay loam Clay loam Soil depth shallow Shallow - oderate moderate deep Avaiable soil moisture mm mm mm mm mm Fertilitylow mediumlowLow to medium Med. To high Cropping system Deg. Forest, not cultivated Fallow Gora, minor millets Double,ri ce,maize, potato,ve getable Mono, rice- medium duration Mono- rice- long duration ProblemsErosion, drought Erosion, water scarcity Small plot, lack of IP&NM Lack of water Poor drainage

APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES Staggered trench Upland treatment (30’ x 40’ Model) Medium land treatment (5% Model) Home stead land (Hapa) Small Dug well Tank renovation/excavation Micro lift irrigation

Staggered Trench after treatment Checked Soil Erosion & Run off Water Improve Moisture and Soil Fertility Converted into Productivity Land

Checked Soil Erosion Increased Moisture in the Upland Area Increasing Fertility In The Land Converted Into Agricultural Land Checked The Run off Water Assure Mixed Cropping

SABAI CULTIVATION

Assured Paddy Cultivation Transplanting Paddy in Proper Time Irrigation In Dry Spell Pisciculture in the Pit Increased Ground Water Assured Second Crop Cultivation Checked Run Off Water Increase in Production

Drought Coping Mechanisms Crop diversification Varietal diversification Storage of food and seeds Livelihood diversification

CountryStateDistrict NameGeographical location and coverage Total no of population and HH of target villages No of HH covered Selection criteria –why was the area selected INDIA BIHARGaya / NawadaSouth Bihar, Magadh Region DPAP district, Dalit & Maha dalit concentration, Dryland agriculture prospect WEST BENGALPuruliaWestern region of West Bengal DPAP district, Dalit & Maha dalit concentration, Dryland agriculture prospect JHARKHAND RanchiSouth Chotanagpur Moderately Secure HazaribagNorth Chotanagpur Moderately Secure RamgarhNorth Chotanagpur Moderately Secure West Singhbhum Very Insecure KhuntiSouth Chotanagpur Moderately Secure GumlaSouth Chotanagpur Very Insecure LohardagaSouth Chotanagpur Insecure GiridihSanthal Pargana Insecure SahebganjSanthal Pargana Extremely Insecure TOTAL

SecureModerately Secure InsecureVery Insecure Extremely Insecure BokaroRanchiGoddaChatraSahibganj DhanbadDeogharLohardagaPalamuGarhwa East Singhbhum HazaribagPakurWest Singhbhum RamgarhKodermaGumla KhuntiDumka Giridih FOOD SECURITY OUTCOME (FSO) STATUS Based on Food security atlas of Rural Jharkhand by UNFP & IHD

Result 1: Farm level action Need to further break it according to land type Upland- Mostly acidic(jharkhand), field bunding, bringing more area under dryland crops millets, pulses, oilseeds and maize Mixed cropping Increase in biomass cultivation on denuded uplands Green manuring crops on uplands and field bunds Nitrogen fixing crops Mediumland Need to promote medium duration crop System of rice intensification Nitrogen fixing crops on residual moisture Lowland

Action for promoting Food security Need to propagate multiple compost systems Nutritional garden in the BADI upland Vegetable cultivation through micro irrigation Documentation of present diversity and practices Group farming Grain bank and seed bank Promotion of Poultry and small ruminants Action Research to be undertaken to screen potential local varieties( as per tillering potential, drought resistance, pest resistance and productivity) Action research for introducing some principles of intensification in pulses and millets

Actions for Food security… Green manuring and fodder shrubs and trees on field bunds IPM and INM practices module for different crop type needs to be developed( use of self cultivated and forest produce, mahua cake, neem cake, karanj cake, kusum cake, mustard cake for nutrient management) Mulching and minimum tillage practices will be used to make maximum use of residual moisture after kharif crop Soil testing needs to be done for better nutrient management Action research on a contiguous patch of acres in each agro- climatic sub-zone. Crops for upland- Pulses, maize, millets( finger millet, kodo, kutki, gondli Productivity low- 0.3 to 0.6 t/ha oilseeds; 0.4 t/ha to 0.6 t/ha (millets); 0.5 to 1 t/ha pulses higher for maize 1.3t/ha Lac cultivation

Community Farming in Siyari

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