Workshop Writing Scientific Papers: Title Clovis Torres Fernandes Learning and Interaction Laboratory – LAI Computer Science Department – IEC Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica – ITA

Which paper would YOU sooner read? Why?

The Effect of Smoking on Academic Performance Students Who Smoke Get Lower Grades

Which paper would YOU sooner read? Why? The Effect of Smoking on Academic Performance Students Who Smoke Get Lower Grades

Which paper would YOU sooner read? Why? Animal Testing for Flu Viruses Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing of Dogs for the H1N1 Virus

Which paper would YOU sooner read? Why? Animal Testing for Flu Viruses Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing of Dogs for the H1N1 Virus

Workshop Goals To present some tips for writing good titles for scientific papers To gain hands-on experience applying some of the tips to real examples

"A naturalist's life would be a happy one if he had only to observe and never to write.'' "A naturalist's life would be a happy one if he had only to observe and never to write.''

"A naturalist's life would be a happy one if he had only to observe and never to write.'' Charles Darwin

Title Keywords Paper Structure

Tip 11: Writing Process 10. Title: Final Version 2. Title: Preliminary Version

If the paper title is poorly written, …

The reader will be unable to know what you have done!

The reader will be unable to capture your message!

“You don’t get a second chance to make a first impression” Old Saying

Imagine you’re entitled to explain the essential of your research to Bill Gates in just 10s! How do you do that?

The title is intended to capture the reader’s attention with words and terms that highlight the content (or message) of the paper!

Objetivo de um Título  Espelhar o foco de atenção ou conteúdo essencial do artigo  Use palavras-chave fortemente associadas aos resultados do artigo

Formato [primeira parte][: Segunda parte] Obrigatória Opcional

Exemplo [primeira parte apenas] Parameter-based Refactoring and the Relationship with Fan- in/Fan-out Coupling

Exemplo [primeira parte: Segunda parte] Rubric-referenced Assessment in Teacher Preparation: An Opportunity to Learn by Using

“This study suggests that students use rubrics to support their own learning and academic performance. In focus groups, fourteen undergraduate students discussed the ways in which they used rubrics to plan an approach to an assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on feedback from others. The students said that using rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less anxious about an assignment. Their comments also revealed that most of the students tend not to read a rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s demands rather than as a representation of the criteria and standards of a discipline." Write a title for the following abstract

A. Concise A. Clear B. Informative (Very specific, not too broad) C. Relevant to the Target Audience Properties of Good Titles

Why would YOU sooner read the paper on the right? Fail: B and C

Why would YOU sooner read the paper on the right? The Effect of Smoking on Academic Performance Students Who Smoke Get Lower Grades Fail: B and C

Why would YOU sooner read the paper on the right? Animal Testing for Flu Viruses Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing of Dogs for the H1N1 Virus Fail: B and C

What do you think about these titles? “Research on data mining”

“Contributions to Information Theory”

“Some research on job assignment in cluster computing”

“A new framework for distributed computing”. <

All of them are general titles! So,...

Avoid general titles!

Avoid abbreviations Avoid parenthesized information Avoid mathematical formulas Avoid using references Additional Properties

“This study suggests that students use rubrics to support their own learning and academic performance. In focus groups, fourteen undergraduate students discussed the ways in which they used rubrics to plan an approach to an assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on feedback from others. The students said that using rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less anxious about an assignment. Their comments also revealed that most of the students tend not to read a rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s demands rather than as a representation of the criteria and standards of a discipline." Revise the title for this abstract

How long should a title be? Two answers: The length should be just right to 12 words Occam’s Razor! Be concise

Cut the clutter “a study of” “investigation of” “development of” “observations on” “validation” “new” “improved” “novel” “validated” “state of the art”

Exemplo de concisão: Utilização de AVAs 3D na Educacão a Distância 8 palavras Não é um bom título por outros motivos!

Contraexemplo de concisão: O Ensino do Atletismo por meio de Filmes da Internet: Contribuições das Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para a Educação Física 22 palavras Também não é um bom título por outros motivos!

“This study suggests that students use rubrics to support their own learning and academic performance. In focus groups, fourteen undergraduate students discussed the ways in which they used rubrics to plan an approach to an assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on feedback from others. The students said that using rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less anxious about an assignment. Their comments also revealed that most of the students tend not to read a rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s demands rather than as a representation of the criteria and standards of a discipline." Revise the title for this abstract

Be clear There should only be one meaning to a title Show the title to colleagues and see what message they capture from your words

H1N1 Virus Testing on Mice Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Treatment of Pediatric Melanoma Patients with Lasers The following titles are clear?

Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing of Mice for the H1N1 Virus Laser Treatment for Pediatric Melanoma The following titles are clear now?

Be very specific, not too broad Use Occam’s razor, but keeping the title complete Be informative

Aplicação de modelos computacionais no ensino de funções do 2º grau com o Modellus WebLab um laboratório de acesso remoto controlado através da Internet. Um estudo de caso de um VANT Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado A televisão Digital no Contexto Educacional Make the titles more informative

Effect of Statins on Serum Cholesterol Statins and Cholesterol Statin Therapy Reduces Serum Cholesterol in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Reduction of Serum Cholesterol with Statin Therapy Which one is more informative? Put in order!

Statins and Cholesterol Effect of Statins on Serum Cholesterol Reduction of Serum Cholesterol with Statin Therapy Statin Therapy Reduces Serum Cholesterol in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Order:

Independent variable (statin therapy) The dependent variable (cholesterol) The observed effect (reduction/increase/no effect) The patient population studied (cardiovascular disease) Order:

Reduction of Serum Cholesterol with Statin Therapy in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Why Not?

“Reduction” is a result of nominalizing verb “reduce”: nominalization ! We should avoid to use a nominalization Use instead the correspondent verb! Because …

Use: Statin Therapy Reduces Serum Cholesterol in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Instead: Reduction of Serum Cholesterol with Statin Therapy in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease So …

Produção e utilização de material didático multimídia para estudo de conceitos matemáticos Improve the title below

Use the same terms as defined in indexing services (e.g., ACM/IEEE/SWEBoK) and search engines (e.g., Google) Use Key Words and Terms Wisely

Avoid using generic terms such as animal, bacteria, antibiotic, implementation, calculation, evaluation, development, or process! Use the same terms used throughout the paper! Use Key Words and Terms Wisely

Development and Evaluation of a New ELISA for the Improved Detection of Lupus-Specific Antinuclear Antibodies A Validated Method for the Sensitive Quantification of Sirolimus in Whole Blood by the Use of Online Extraction Connected to Liquid Chromatography– Mass Spectrometry Revise the following titles

Development and Evaluation of a New ELISA for the Improved Detection of Lupus-Specific Antinuclear Antibodies ELISA with Improved Detection of Lupus-Specific Antinuclear Antibodies ELISA for Detecting Lupus-Specific Antinuclear Antibodies Possible solutions

A Validated Method for the Sensitive Quantification of Sirolimus in Whole Blood by the Use of Online Extraction Connected to Liquid Chromatography– Mass Spectrometry Quantification of Whole-Blood Sirolimus by Online Extraction Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Possible solution

“This study suggests that students use rubrics to support their own learning and academic performance. In focus groups, fourteen undergraduate students discussed the ways in which they used rubrics to plan an approach to an assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on feedback from others. The students said that using rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less anxious about an assignment. Their comments also revealed that most of the students tend not to read a rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s demands rather than as a representation of the criteria and standards of a discipline." Revise the title for this abstract

How to write an effective title

1. Answer the questions: What is my paper about? What techniques/ designs were used? Who/what is studied? What were the results? Step 1

My paper studies whether X therapy improves the cognitive function of patients suffering from dementia It was a randomized trial I studied 40 cases from six cities in Japan There was an improvement in the cognitive function of patients Step 1

“This study suggests that students use rubrics to support their own learning and academic performance. In focus groups, fourteen undergraduate students discussed the ways in which they used rubrics to plan an approach to an assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on feedback from others. The students said that using rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less anxious about an assignment. Their comments also revealed that most of the students tend not to read a rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s demands rather than as a representation of the criteria and standards of a discipline." Apply Step 1 here

2. Use your answers (and indexing services or ontologies) and list key words Step 2

X therapy Randomized trial Dementia 6 Japanese cities 40 cases Improved cognitive function Step 2

“This study suggests that students use rubrics to support their own learning and academic performance. In focus groups, fourteen undergraduate students discussed the ways in which they used rubrics to plan an approach to an assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on feedback from others. The students said that using rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less anxious about an assignment. Their comments also revealed that most of the students tend not to read a rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s demands rather than as a representation of the criteria and standards of a discipline." Apply Step 2 here

3. Build a sentence with these key words This study is a randomized trial that investigates whether X therapy improved cognitive function in 40 dementia patients from 6 cities in Japan; it reports improved cognitive function. (28 words) Step 3

“This study suggests that students use rubrics to support their own learning and academic performance. In focus groups, fourteen undergraduate students discussed the ways in which they used rubrics to plan an approach to an assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on feedback from others. The students said that using rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less anxious about an assignment. Their comments also revealed that most of the students tend not to read a rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s demands rather than as a representation of the criteria and standards of a discipline." Apply Step 3 here

4. Delete all waste words (e.g., study of, investigates) and repetitive words; link the remaining. Step 4: Cut the clutter

Randomized trial of X therapy for improving cognitive function in 40 dementia patients from 6 cities in Japan (18 words) Step 4

“This study suggests that students use rubrics to support their own learning and academic performance. In focus groups, fourteen undergraduate students discussed the ways in which they used rubrics to plan an approach to an assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on feedback from others. The students said that using rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less anxious about an assignment. Their comments also revealed that most of the students tend not to read a rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s demands rather than as a representation of the criteria and standards of a discipline." Apply Step 4 here

Delete non-essential information and reword Randomized trial of X therapy for improving cognitive function in 40 dementia patients from 6 cities in Japan Step 5

“Randomized trial of X therapy for improving cognitive function in 40 dementia patients”(13 words) OR (reworded with subtitle and a focus on the results) “X therapy improves cognitive function in 40 dementia patients: A randomized trial”(12 words) Step 5

“This study suggests that students use rubrics to support their own learning and academic performance. In focus groups, fourteen undergraduate students discussed the ways in which they used rubrics to plan an approach to an assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on feedback from others. The students said that using rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less anxious about an assignment. Their comments also revealed that most of the students tend not to read a rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s demands rather than as a representation of the criteria and standards of a discipline." Apply Step 5 here

“This study suggests that students use rubrics to support their own learning and academic performance. In focus groups, fourteen undergraduate students discussed the ways in which they used rubrics to plan an approach to an assignment, check their work, and guide or reflect on feedback from others. The students said that using rubrics helped them focus their efforts, produce work of higher quality, earn a better grade, and feel less anxious about an assignment. Their comments also revealed that most of the students tend not to read a rubric in its entirety, and that some may perceive of a rubric as a tool for satisfying a particular teacher’s demands rather than as a representation of the criteria and standards of a discipline." Student perspectives on rubric-referenced assessment Heidi Andrade, and Ying Du University at Albany

Framework para seleção de ferramentas da web 2.0 para utilização no contexto educativo Utilização de AVAs 3D na Educacão a Distância O Ensino do Atletismo por meio de Filmes da Internet: Contribuições das Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para a Educação Física Produção e utilização de material didático multimídia para estudo de conceitos matemáticos Produção de Material Didático Digital no Formato ePub Utilização de Qualidade do Contexto (QoC) para o tratamento de informações em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem ubíquo Exemplos de Títulos de Artigos

Classificação de Teleconsultorias: Educação Permanente de Equipes de Saúde da Família através do Projeto Telessaúde-RS O processo de alfabetização e as tecnologias digitais: uma análise sobre o software Coelho Sabido O Moodle na Universidade XX: as estratégias pedagógicas na atualização de versão Considerações iniciais sobre as possibilidades de uso do celular na escola: Educação Física em foco Plataforma Web para Auxílio ao Ensino de Processamento Digital de Imagens Aplicação de modelos computacionais no ensino de funções do 2º grau com o Modellus Exemplos de Títulos de Artigos

Recomendando Objetos de Aprendizagem a partir das hashtags postadas no Moodle Modelo de Gestão de Videoconferência na Educação: tecnologia, copresença e interação- mgve-tci WebLab um laboratório de acesso remoto controlado através da Internet. Um estudo de caso de um VANT Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado Estado da Arte da videoaula no cenário educacional a distância brasileiro GAES Guia de Acesso ao Ensino Superior A televisão Digital no Contexto Educacional Exemplos de Títulos de Artigos

Desafios na Evolução do Ensino de Engenharia e-Toogle: uma arquitetura para ambientes físico- virtuais de aprendizado baseado em CPS. Exemplos de Títulos de Artigos

The End