Urinary System and Body Fluids By Deon Thomas and Micah Simmons

Summary The urinary system rids the body of waste materials, regulates fluid volume, maintains electrolytes concentrations in body fluids, and control blood pH.

Vocabulary  Anuria (an-YOU-rih-ah)  Condition in which there is no formation of urine  Azotemia (Az-oh-TEE-mee-ah)  Presence of increased amounts of nitrogen waste products in the blood.  Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)  A blood test to determine the amount of urea that is exported by the kidneys  Dialysis  A procedure to separate waste material from the blood and to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid base balance when kidney function is impaired.  Nephritis (nef-RYE-tis)  Inflammation of the kidney

Vocabulary (continues)  Diuresis (dye-you-REE-sis)  A condition of increased or excessive flow of urine.  Diuretic (dye-you-RET-ik)  A substance that increases the production of urine  Enuresis (en-you-re-sis)  Involuntary emission of urine; wetting the bed  Nephrectomy (nef-Rek-toh-mee)  Surgical removal of a kidney  Nocturia (nahk-TOU-rih-ah)  Excessive urination at night

Components of the Urinary System  The urinary system consists of the kidney, urinary bladder, urethra, and a few more parts.  The primary organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, which are located between the 12 th thoracic and 3 rd lumbar vertebrae.

Each Component  Urinary Bladder  The Urinary bladder is a temporary storage reservoir for urine.  Urethra  The final passageway for the flow of urine is the urethra, a thin-walled tube that conveys urine from the floor of the urinary bladder to the outside.

Blood flow through the kidney  Blood flow through the kidney goes in the sequence of renal artery  Segmental artery  interlobar artery  arcuate artery  afferent arteriole  glomerulus  efferent arteriole  Interoblular vein  arcuate vein  interlobar vein  segmental vein  renal vein  inferior vena cava.

Body fluids  Fluids make up 60% of an adults weight.  Two thirds of the fluids are intracellular  One third of the fluids are extracellular

Intake and Output of Fluid  Intake:  Sources of fluids intake are beverages, food, and metabolic water.  Output:  Fluids loss are through the kidneys, skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract.

Alkalosis  Definition: Condition in which the blood has a higher pH than normal.  pH above 7.45  How it happens: Cellular metabolism produces substances that tend to upset the pH balanced.

Urinalysis  The volume, physical characteristics, and chemical composition of urine changes with diet, physical activity, and state of health. A chemical and microscopic examination of urine, are called urinalysis.

Chapter Quiz

1. Functional unit in kidney 2. Cluster of capillaries in the renal corpuscle 3. Cortical substance between adjacent renal pyramids 4. Modified cells in the ascending limb of the nephron loop 5. Enzyme produced by juxtaglomerular cells 6. Folds in the mucosa of the urinary bladder 7. Urination or voiding 8. Responsible for yellow color of urine 9. Accounts for about two thirds of the body fluid 10. Increase in PH above normal A. Alkalosis B. Glomerulus C. Intracellular fluid D. Macula densa E. Micturition F. Nephron G. Renal columns H. Renin I. Rugae J. Urochrome