1. Urinary and Reproductive Systems
Listen
Unit 10
Urinary and Reproductive Systems

2. Listen
Waste
Waste

3. Write
One of the characteristics of living things is that they have a METABOLISM. This means that they undergo a series of CHEMICAL REACTIONS that break down (CATABOLISM) and build up (ANABOLISM) molecules. An unfortunate side effect of metabolism is the creation of WASTE; chemical compounds that are dangerous to the body in large amounts.

4. Human Waste Products Include:
Listen
Waste
Created By
Delivery System
Excretory Organs
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Aerobic Respiration
Circulatory System
Trachea and Lungs
Feces/Stool/Gas
Digestion
Digestive System
Rectum and Anus
Urine (salts, amino acids, excess water
Digestion and Respiration
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

5. Waste Created by the Human Body:
Write
Waste Created by the Human Body:
Waste
Created By
Delivery System
Excretory Organs
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Aerobic Respiration
Circulatory System
Trachea and Lungs
Feces/Stool/Gas
Digestion
Digestive System
Rectum and Anus
Urine (salts, amino acids, excess water
Digestion and Respiration
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

6. Urinary System Functions:
Create/Excrete Urine
Maintains Water and Electrolyte Balance
Regulates: pH and Blood Volume
Controls Red Blood Cell Production and
Blood Pressure

7. The function of the urinary system is to:
Write
The function of the urinary system is to:
Create and excrete URINE
Maintain WATER and ELECTROLYTE balance
Regulates pH and BLOOD VOLUME
Controls red blood cell PRODUCTION and BLOOD PRESSURE

8. Adrenal Glands Endocrine System
Kidneys
Removes Substances from blood
Forms Urine
Abdominal Aorta and
Renal Artery
Oxygenated Blood Supply
Tubular Ureters
Transports Urine from Kidneys to bladder
Inferior Vena Cava and
Renal Vein
Returns deoxygenated/cleaned
blood to heart
Bladder
Stores Urine
Urethra
Tube that transports urine outside of the body

9. Urinary System Organs and Their Functions:
Write
Urinary System Organs and Their Functions:
Organ
Function
Kidneys
Remove Substances from blood
Forms Urine
Regulates blood pressure
Tubular Ureters
Transports urine
Kidney  Bladder
Bladder
Stores Urine
Urethra
Transports Urine
Bladder  out of body
Other Important Structures
Adrenal Glands
Endocrine System
Abdominal Aorta and Renal Artery
Supplies Kidney with oxygenated blood
Inferior Vena Cava and Renal Vein
Returns deoxygenated/cleaned blood back to heart.

10. Directions Color the organs of the Urinary System in your Notes.
(10-15) minutes.
Review function of the urinary system.

12. Write
A KIDNEY is a reddish-brown, bean-shaped organ with a smooth surface. Kidneys are RETROPERITNOEAL which means they are behind or outside of the parietal peritoneum. They can be located between the T12 and L3 vertebrae.

14. Renal Cortex Renal Medulla Major Calyces (Calyx) Renal Pelvis
10.
11.
12.
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Major Calyces (Calyx)
Renal Pelvis
Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Renal Papilla
Renal Sinus
Renal Pyramids
Ureter
Renal Column
Renal Capsule

15. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Ureter

16. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Renal Pyramids

17. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Renal Pelvis

18. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Renal Vein

19. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Renal Columns

20. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Renal Cortex

21. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Renal Artery

22. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Major/Minor Calyces

23. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Renal Medulla

24. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Renal Capsule

25. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Renal Sinus

26. Name the Structure
10.
11.
12.
Renal Papilla

27. Kidneys are surrounded by a FIBROUS CAPSULE
Kidneys are surrounded by a FIBROUS CAPSULE. A cross cut section of a Kidney shows two layers. The RENAL CORTEX the outer layer and the RENAL MEDULLA is the inner layer. The RENAL SINUS is a cavity that is filled by the RENAL PELVIS.

28. Write
The Renal Pelvis branches off into MAJOR CALYCES (singular CALYX) which further branch into MINOR CALYCES. The Renal medulla is composed of RENAL PYRAMIDS which are separated by RENAL COLUMNS. Renal pyramids deposit URINE into the Renal Calyces at a location known as the RENAL PAPILLA.
The RENAL ARTERY Supplies the Kidney with blood that needs to be FILTERED. The RENAL VEIN returns the FILTERED blood back to the heart. The URETER delivers the FILTRATE (a liquid that has passed through a filter) down to the BLADDER. Only 20% of blood is filtered at a time. This is called the FILTRATION FRACTION.

29. Directions Label and Color the structures of the Kidney
You will need to color code your kidney. Fill in the color box with the color you choose for each structure.
Time (15-20)
Review your notes when you are done.

31. Renal Corpuscle:
Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
Proximal (Convoluted Tubule)
Distal Convoluted Tubule)
Renal Tubule
Loop of Henle

34. Write
A NEPHRON is considered the structural and functional UNIT of the Kidney. There are about 1 MILLION nephrons in each kidney.

35. Write
Structure:
Nephrons can be broken down into two parts: The Renal Corpuscle and the Renal Tubule.
The RENAL CORPUSCLE is composed of the DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE, the BOWMAN’S or GLOMULAR CAPSULE and the PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE. Inside of the Glomerular Capsule is a tangled cluster of blood capillaries called a GLOMERULUS.
The RENAL TUBULE is composed of the DESCENDING LIMB and the ASCENDING LIMB. These two limbs are known as the NEPHRON LOOP or the LOOP OF HENLE.
All Nephrons have their RENAL CORPUSCLE within the RENAL CORTEX of the Kidney, while the RENAL TUBULE is located in the RENAL MEDULLA

47. Write
Function:
The primary function of the Nephron is to FILTER waste from arterial blood using PASSIVE and ACTIVE TRANSPORT. Nephrons determine how much WATER, SODIUM and other WASTE will be taken out of the blood. This allows them to BALANCE water and electrolyte levels as well as regulate the VOLUME of the blood that is returned to the heart. This control of Blood Volume allows Kidneys to determine the BLOOD PRESSURE of an organism.

48. Write
Urine formation is formed through THREE process: Glomular Filtration, Tubular Reabsorption and Tubular Secretion
The FIRST process of Urine formation is GLOMULAR FILTRATION. Inside your blood is a solution called PLASMA.
PLASMA contains: ELECTROLYTES, such as SALT (NaCl), SODIUM and POTASSIUM Ions, WATER, GLUCOSE, UREA, URIC ACID. Not all of these things should be excreted as waste.

49. The final product of these three processes is URINE.
Write
The SECOND process of Urine Formation is TUBULAR REABSORPTION. As the Plasma travels through the NEPHRON, certain amounts of substances such as WATER, GLUCOSE and ELECTROLYTES are reabsorbed back into the blood and intercellular fluid.
The THIRD process of Urine formation is TUBULAR SECRETION. This is where extra waste products such as HYDROGEN ions and TOXINS are removed.
The final product of these three processes is URINE.

51. After being processed by the NEPHRON, Urine flows through the COLLECTING DUCT, into the MINOR and MAJOR CALYCES and out of the Kidney via the URETERS. The Ureters deposit the Urine in the BLADDER which will store the urine until it is eliminated through a tube called the URETHRA.

52. Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UVlXX-9x7Q
Watch the following video on the function of the nephron

53. Urine is a solution that is about 95% WATER
Urine is a solution that is about 95% WATER. The other 5% contains UREA, URIC ACID and trace amounts of AMINO ACIDS and ELECTROLYTES. Urea is a by-product of AMINO ACID CATABOLISM whereas Uric acid is a by-product of NUCLEIC ACIDS. Increasing the amount of protein in your diet will increase the amount of UREA in your urine.
The VOLUME of urine produced can vary depending on your DIET, ENVIRONMENT and FLUID INTAKE. Daily production is between 0.6 – 2.5 Liters. Normal urine output per hour is 50-60mL. An output of less than 30mL per hour may indicate KIDNEY FAILURE.

55. 0.6
2.5 Liters

57. Urine can be used as a diagnostic tool by health professionals
Urine can be used as a diagnostic tool by health professionals. Macroscopic analysis includes looking at the COLOR, CLARITY and CLOUDINESS of the Urine. Microscopic analysis can measure GLUCOSE, KETONES, BLOOD, WHITE BLOOD CELLS, NITRITES, and BILIRUBIN. Traces of DRUGS can also be found in urine.