Monty Python - Witch Hunting Monty Python Communist Quiz Show

THE COLD WAR AT HOME Objective… Describe how the U.S. government fought the Cold War in America. A propaganda comic book published in 1947 that raised the concern of a Communist takeover in America. Propaganda film: How to spot a Communist:

Why were Americans worried about the security of the US? The Soviet control of Eastern Europe Communist take over in China 100K Americans in the Communist Party

National Security State The national security state… K employees… 10% in security M employees… 75 % in security 36) National Security Act (1947)… -Dept. of Defense… -C.I.A… -N.S.C…President, VP, Sec of State, Sec. of Treasury, Joint Chiefs, CIA…

37) Executive Order 9835 The Federal Employment Loyalty Program - Investigated government employees from M investigated…378 fired… 5,000 resigned - Employees fired for "reasonable doubt" of : Crimes, violent overthrow, disclosure of confidential information, or membership in a subversive organizations. - No appeal beyond loyalty boards - No permission to confront a "confidential informant"

38) I & E: Attorney General Tom Clark Referring to: Unions, strikes & preventing law & order… “ a sinister & deep-seated plot on the part of communists, ideologists & small groups of radicals” Who did Clark target with his actions?... Were Clark’s actions a violation of civil liberties?...

National Security State 39) Internal Security ( or McCarran) Act (1950)… - Communist groups must register with the government - Illegal to plan for totalitarianism - Banned Communist Immigrants - Deport all Communists

Objective… Discuss the major causes, personalities & events of the Red Scare.

The Dot Game You will receive a small piece of paper that will either be blank or have a dot on it. Do not show your card to anyone. The goal of the game is for the non dots to form the largest possible group of non dot people. The largest group of non dots will receive bonus points. The goal of a dot is to become included in the non dot group. Dots that become included in non dot groups will receive bonus points.

What did the House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) do? Investigated “un-American” activities HUAC believed that Hollywood film writers & directors were sneaking Communist propaganda into films. HUAC: H ouse U n-American A ctivities C ommittee…

40) Describe how the Red Scare affected Hollywood? 1947: Director of the FBI J. Edgar Hoover warns HUAC that communists had launched "a furtive attack on Hollywood."

HUAC Hearing Richard Nixon at a HUAC meeting

1947: HUAC investigates Hollywood The Hollywood Ten… The “Hollywood Blacklists”… HUAC: The Hollywood Ten A list of screenwriters, actors & directors barred from working in Hollywood because of their alleged membership in Communist Party

Protesting in support of the Hollywood Ten

What commentary is this cartoon making on the HUAC hearings?

Activity #1: “Un-American”? Directions: Read the following excerpt from the legislation that established the HUAAC When you have finished, make a list of activities that you think might qualify as “un-American.” Be prepared to share your answers with the class. “Resolved, that the Speaker of the House of Representatives be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint a special committee to be composed of seven members for the purpose of conducting an investigation of (1) the extent, character, and object of un-American propaganda activities in the United States, (2) the diffusion within the United States of subversives and un-American propaganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by the Constitution, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any necessary remedial legislation.”* What sort of activities do you consider “un- American”?

Spy Cases 41) Who was Alger Hiss & what was he accused of?... Who was his accuser?... The results of this case?...

Hiss was a U.S. State Dept. official accused of being a Soviet spy. Whittaker Chambers, a former Communist Party member, before HUAC testified that Hiss had been a Communist while working for the State Dept. Called before HUAC, Hiss categorically denied the charge, but was eventually convicted of perjury The Alger Hiss Case 1945 Truman (Hiss left of HST) Alger Hiss testifies before HUAC

Whittaker Chambers testifies before HUAC Whittaker Chambers The “Pumpkin Papers” key evidence in the Hiss case R.M. Nixon examines micro film during the Hiss case

42) Julius & Ethel Rosenberg J & E Rosenberg were Jewish American communists. The Rosenberg's were convicted & executed for passing atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets. The first execution of civilians for espionage in US history.

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

43) Senator Joseph McCarthy McCarthyism / “Witch Hunts” 44) Who were the targets of McCarthyism… McCarthy testifying:

McCarthyism 45) Supporting McCarthy?... Opposing McCarthy?... 46) Why did McCarthy lose his popularity?...

What commentary is this cartoon making on the actions of Senator Joe McCarthy?

The Legacy of McCarthyism - Results in repressive federal & state laws… i.e. McCarran Act - Basic freedoms compromised - Dissent can be dangerous - US Gov. investigates: Unions, librarians, teachers, reporters, entertainers & scientists

"You mean I'm supposed to stand on that?“ February, 1950 In February 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy captured headlines by his claims that he held in his hand, a list of names of some 205 communists in the State Department which he did not reveal. Many members of Congress, influenced by his success, began to support his heavy-handed and abusive tactics for political purposes. Here conservative Republican senators, Kenneth S. Wherry, Robert A. Taft, and Styles Bridges and Republican National Chairman Guy Gabrielson push a reluctant GOP elephant to mount the unsavory platform. This was the first use of the word "McCarthyism."

"Say, what ever happened to 'freedom- from-fear'?“ August 13, 1951 As Senator Joseph McCarthy's campaign against the State Dept. & D.O.J. officials continued, President HST spoke against him.

"I have here in my hand...“ May, 1954 In 1954, Senator Joseph McCarthy went too far when he took on the US Army, accusing it of promoting communists. The Senate held special hearings, known as the Army-McCarthy hearings, which were televised nationally. In the course of testimony McCarthy submitted evidence that was identified as fraudulent. As both public and politicians watched the bullying antics of the Senator, they became increasingly disenchanted. Before the year was out McCarthy, whose charges had first hit the headlines in February 1950, was censured by his colleagues for "conduct unbecoming a senator."

Objective… HOMEWORK Compare the Red Scare of the 1920s to the Red Scare of the 1940s & 50s.