Voices of Dissent The New Frontier and the Great Society HOLT 1 Objectives: How did the Brown decision affect school segregation and expose conflict over segregation? How did the Brown decision affect school segregation and expose conflict over segregation? How was the Montgomery bus boycott a major turning point in the civil rights movement? How was the Montgomery bus boycott a major turning point in the civil rights movement? What challenges did Hispanics, Asian Americans, and American Indians face in the 1950s? What challenges did Hispanics, Asian Americans, and American Indians face in the 1950s? How did writers and scholars criticize 1950s society? How did writers and scholars criticize 1950s society? What problems did poor Americans face in the 1950s? What problems did poor Americans face in the 1950s? Section 3: Voices of Dissent

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Voices of Dissent The New Frontier and the Great Society HOLT 7 Brown v. The Topeka Board of Education: Supreme Court Decision (1954) Constitutional Issue: Does the idea of separating races violate the 14 th Amendment? Constitutional Issue: Does the idea of separating races violate the 14 th Amendment? Jim Crow Laws in the south separate races in public facilities. Institutionalized segregation. Jim Crow Laws in the south separate races in public facilities. Institutionalized segregation. Fourteenth Amendment: pledges equal protection under the law… The law must protect all equally (Only one classification of citizenship) Fourteenth Amendment: pledges equal protection under the law… The law must protect all equally (Only one classification of citizenship) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) decided that separation did not necessarily mean unequal Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) decided that separation did not necessarily mean unequal Linda Brown (African-American) wanted to attend the neighborhood “white” school Linda Brown (African-American) wanted to attend the neighborhood “white” school Court unanimously decided that separate was not equal. Jim Crow struck down. Beginning of the end for segregation. Court unanimously decided that separate was not equal. Jim Crow struck down. Beginning of the end for segregation. Section 3: Voices of Dissent

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Voices of Dissent The New Frontier and the Great Society HOLT 9 The Montgomery bus boycott (1955) struck a blow against segregation struck a blow against segregation Economic challenge to Montgomery’s segregated bus system Economic challenge to Montgomery’s segregated bus system established Martin Luther King, Jr. as a major civil rights leader established Martin Luther King, Jr. as a major civil rights leader helped people believe they could stand up to power helped people believe they could stand up to power Section 3: Voices of Dissent

Voices of Dissent The New Frontier and the Great Society HOLT 10 Headline from Brown Decision

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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 12 SECTION 3 Voices of Dissent Question: What challenges did minority Hispanics, Asian Americans, and American Indians face in the 1950s?

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 13 SECTION 3 Voices of Dissent MINORITY GROUPS IN THE 1950S discrimination and segregation, particularly in public schools; continued nativism Hispanics discrimination ; belief that they did not fit the American “ideal” Asian Americans relocation and termination policies; government pressure to assimilate American Indians Group Challenges

Voices of Dissent The New Frontier and the Great Society HOLT 14 Criticism expressed by writers and scholars Conformity Conformity Mass media sells a uniform-image of the American dream Mass media sells a uniform-image of the American dream Racism Racism Challenges to centuries of racism Challenges to centuries of racism Poverty Poverty American affluence not enjoyed by many American affluence not enjoyed by many Lack of creativity in American mainstream Lack of creativity in American mainstream Section 3: Voices of Dissent

Voices of Dissent The New Frontier and the Great Society HOLT 15 Problems of poor Americans Suburbs concentrated wealth Suburbs concentrated wealth Rural poverty Rural poverty falling farm prices falling farm prices high cost of farm equipment high cost of farm equipment few farm jobs few farm jobs By-passed by Interstate Highway system By-passed by Interstate Highway system Urban Poverty Urban Poverty Suburban flight… People are able to enjoy comforts of suburban life and drive to cities for work Suburban flight… People are able to enjoy comforts of suburban life and drive to cities for work Minimal investments in inner cities- urban blight Minimal investments in inner cities- urban blight Section 3: Voices of Dissent

Voices of Dissent The New Frontier and the Great Society HOLT 16 How did conditions in the following regions of the nation challenge the label “affluence” Inner cities Inner cities Remote rural locations Remote rural locations Indian reservations Indian reservations African-American communities African-American communities

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