The End of WWII & The Aftermath SS.A.1.4.4; SS.A.3.4.9; SS.A.2.4.8

New European Order When Germans conquered eastern Europe they planned on killing Slavs and Jews and repopulating the area with Germans When Germans conquered eastern Europe they planned on killing Slavs and Jews and repopulating the area with Germans Plans set in motion soon after taking over Plans set in motion soon after taking over Himmler plans on killing 30 million Slavs Himmler plans on killing 30 million Slavs 1940: Germany uses 7 million slaves 1940: Germany uses 7 million slaves Einsatzgruppen: Death squads, kill Jews Einsatzgruppen: Death squads, kill Jews 6 million Jews also killed in death squads 6 million Jews also killed in death squads 13 million orphaned children in Europe 13 million orphaned children in Europe

New Asian Order Japan’s slogan: “Asia for the Asiatics” Japan’s slogan: “Asia for the Asiatics” Puppet governments established Puppet governments established Resources used to benefit Japanese Resources used to benefit Japanese : over 1 million Vietnamese starve : over 1 million Vietnamese starve Japanese regularly kill, rape, rob locals Japanese regularly kill, rape, rob locals Used captured people as slaves Used captured people as slaves Rebels coordinate with American forces Rebels coordinate with American forces POWs forced into labor for Japanese POWs forced into labor for Japanese

“The Raping of Nanjing” 280,000 Chinese killed 80,000 women raped

Mobilization of America WWII=more total war than WWI WWII=more total war than WWI Even more women go to work in WWII Even more women go to work in WWII United States provides weapons to Allies United States provides weapons to Allies African Americans move north and west looking for work, women go to work African Americans move north and west looking for work, women go to work Causes tension among established residents Causes tension among established residents 110,000 Asian Americans moved to internment camps out east, take oath 110,000 Asian Americans moved to internment camps out east, take oath New place for women and minorities, leads to civil rights movement New place for women and minorities, leads to civil rights movement

Camp Miami Beach

The Allies Advance US, UK, USSR form Grand Alliance, stress military operations, not political differences US, UK, USSR form Grand Alliance, stress military operations, not political differences Agree to fight until all Axis Powers surrender Agree to fight until all Axis Powers surrender 1942: War turns against Germany, Japan 1942: War turns against Germany, Japan Nov ’42: Allies invade N. Africa, defeat Germans May ’43 Nov ’42: Allies invade N. Africa, defeat Germans May ’43 Feb ’43: German Sixth Army surrenders at Stalingrad Feb ’43: German Sixth Army surrenders at Stalingrad June ’42: USA sinks 4 Japanese carriers at Midway June ’42: USA sinks 4 Japanese carriers at Midway Gen MacArthur begins offensive in Philippines Gen MacArthur begins offensive in Philippines Combined Army, Marine and Navy “island hopping” Combined Army, Marine and Navy “island hopping” May 1943: Axis Tunisia surrenders May 1943: Axis Tunisia surrenders September 1943: Allies invade Italy September 1943: Allies invade Italy

The European Theater After Allies take Sicily, King Victor Emanuel III arrests Mussolini, freed by Germans After Allies take Sicily, King Victor Emanuel III arrests Mussolini, freed by Germans June 1944: Allies take Rome June 1944: Allies take Rome June 6, 1944: D-Day; Allies invade France June 6, 1944: D-Day; Allies invade France Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower plans invasion of Normandy’s beaches, then on to Germany Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower plans invasion of Normandy’s beaches, then on to Germany August ’44: Allies take Paris August ’44: Allies take Paris March ’45: Allies cross into Germany March ’45: Allies cross into Germany April ’45: Soviets enter Berlin, US not far away April ’45: Soviets enter Berlin, US not far away April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders

The Asian Theater April 1945: US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, replaced by Harry S Truman April 1945: US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, replaced by Harry S Truman Allied forces approach Japanese homeland Allied forces approach Japanese homeland Japanese refuse to surrender Japanese refuse to surrender Truman must decide to use new atomic bomb Truman must decide to use new atomic bomb August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Japanese city Hiroshima August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Japanese city Hiroshima Emperor refuses to surrender Emperor refuses to surrender Aug 9, 1945: second atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki Aug 9, 1945: second atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki Japan Surrenders on August 14, 1945 Japan Surrenders on August 14, 1945

Peace & A New War Allied victory brings tensions b/w powers Allied victory brings tensions b/w powers Cold War: United States and Soviet Union enter period of ideological conflict Cold War: United States and Soviet Union enter period of ideological conflict Tehran Conference: Meeting of the “Big Three” Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin Tehran Conference: Meeting of the “Big Three” Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin Outlines final attack on Germany (1943) Outlines final attack on Germany (1943) Split Germany between, east and west, US-UK forces and Soviet forces Split Germany between, east and west, US-UK forces and Soviet forces Soviets would liberate eastern Europe Soviets would liberate eastern Europe

The Yalta Conference The Big Three meet in February 1945 The Big Three meet in February 1945 Roosevelt seeks Soviet help with Japan Roosevelt seeks Soviet help with Japan Promises Japanese land to Stalin in exchange Promises Japanese land to Stalin in exchange All three join new United Nations All three join new United Nations First meeting set for April 1945 in San Francisco First meeting set for April 1945 in San Francisco After war Germany to be split into four parts controlled by US, UK, USSR & France After war Germany to be split into four parts controlled by US, UK, USSR & France Sides divided over setting free elections Sides divided over setting free elections

Potsdam and New Struggles July 1945: Potsdam Conference, Germany July 1945: Potsdam Conference, Germany President Truman replaces Roosevelt President Truman replaces Roosevelt Truman demands elections for Europe Truman demands elections for Europe Stalin refuses to allow them, knows better Stalin refuses to allow them, knows better Soviets had lost more than other Allies Soviets had lost more than other Allies Big Three agree to trials of Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg Germany( ) Big Three agree to trials of Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg Germany( ) Churchill: “iron curtain has descended on the continent” splitting Europe east/west Churchill: “iron curtain has descended on the continent” splitting Europe east/west

Chapter 24 Assessment On page 504, write and answer questions 1-11 On page 504, write and answer questions 1-11