1. The Second World War Mr. Ermer World History AP Miami Beach Senior High

2. Path To War 1920s: Hitler tells Germans they are destined to rule “a land to the east” 1920s: Hitler tells Germans they are destined to rule “a land to the east” Starts preparing for war with Soviet Union Starts preparing for war with Soviet Union 1935: Hitler creates an air force, starts draft 1935: Hitler creates an air force, starts draft This violates Treaty of Versailles This violates Treaty of Versailles 1936: Germany militarizes the Rhineland 1936: Germany militarizes the Rhineland Britain takes policy of “appeasement” Britain takes policy of “appeasement” Hitler backs up Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia Hitler backs up Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia Both support Franco in Spanish Civil War Both support Franco in Spanish Civil War Germany signs anti-communist treaty with Japan, Mussolini declares Berlin-Rome Axis Germany signs anti-communist treaty with Japan, Mussolini declares Berlin-Rome Axis

4. Nazis on the March 1938: Germany annexes Austria 1938: Germany annexes Austria Hitler demands part of Czechoslovakia Hitler demands part of Czechoslovakia Munich conf. grants Hitler the Sudetenland Munich conf. grants Hitler the Sudetenland 1939: Hitler takes the rest of western Czech 1939: Hitler takes the rest of western Czech Hitler also controls “independent” Slovakia Hitler also controls “independent” Slovakia Hitler threatens Poland, Britain offers help Hitler threatens Poland, Britain offers help France and Britain begin to negotiate with Joseph Stalin, know Soviets are powerful enough to hold off Germany in E. Europe France and Britain begin to negotiate with Joseph Stalin, know Soviets are powerful enough to hold off Germany in E. Europe

6. Nazis and Communism To prevent a two front war (like WWI) Hitler makes agreement with Stalin To prevent a two front war (like WWI) Hitler makes agreement with Stalin Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact Promises Stalin half of Poland and the Baltics Promises Stalin half of Poland and the Baltics Hitler plans to take those lands back when he attacks the Soviet Union anyway Hitler plans to take those lands back when he attacks the Soviet Union anyway September 1, 1939: Hitler invades Poland September 1, 1939: Hitler invades Poland September 3, 1939: The United Kingdom and France declare war on Germany September 3, 1939: The United Kingdom and France declare war on Germany

7. Japan’s Path To War September 1931: Japan seizes Manchuria September 1931: Japan seizes Manchuria League of Nations condemns the attack League of Nations condemns the attack Japan pulls out of the League of Nations Japan pulls out of the League of Nations Japanese begin to expand into N. China Japanese begin to expand into N. China China was in the middle of civil war China was in the middle of civil war 1936: Chiang Kai-shek (non-Communist) joins forces with Communists against Japanese, Japan takes capital of Nanjing 1936: Chiang Kai-shek (non-Communist) joins forces with Communists against Japanese, Japan takes capital of Nanjing Chiang moves the government upriver Chiang moves the government upriver

8. New Asian Order Japan wants the Chinese to join them in a New Asian Order where Japan can lead all of East Asia to prosperity, and power Japan wants the Chinese to join them in a New Asian Order where Japan can lead all of East Asia to prosperity, and power Japan wants eastern Russia (Siberia) Japan wants eastern Russia (Siberia) Japan and Germany join forces against USSR Japan and Germany join forces against USSR Germany’s nonaggression pact with Stalin makes Japan look south for resources Germany’s nonaggression pact with Stalin makes Japan look south for resources Japan invades SE Asia, Europe/US not happy Japan invades SE Asia, Europe/US not happy US imposes sanctions on Japan US imposes sanctions on Japan Japan launches a surprise attack on US and European targets in the Pacific/SE Asia Japan launches a surprise attack on US and European targets in the Pacific/SE Asia

10. Japan At War December 7, 1941: Japan bombs Hawaii December 7, 1941: Japan bombs Hawaii Also attack US Philippines and British Malaya Also attack US Philippines and British Malaya April 1942: Japan controls most of Asia and western Pacific Ocean April 1942: Japan controls most of Asia and western Pacific Ocean Japan establishes a “community” in Asia Japan establishes a “community” in Asia Japanese attacks unify Americans for war Japanese attacks unify Americans for war Hitler declares war on the United States, thinking the US will be distracted by Japan Hitler declares war on the United States, thinking the US will be distracted by Japan

13. Europe At War Europe is stunned by efficiency of Nazi army Europe is stunned by efficiency of Nazi army Blitzkrieg: “lightning war” 300 tanks supported by air and ground support Blitzkrieg: “lightning war” 300 tanks supported by air and ground support April 9, 1940: Hitler attacks Denmark, Norway April 9, 1940: Hitler attacks Denmark, Norway May 10: attack Netherlands, Belgium, France May 10: attack Netherlands, Belgium, France June 22: France surrenders, Germans control 3/5 of France, set up puppet government June 22: France surrenders, Germans control 3/5 of France, set up puppet government United States denounces Germany, stays out of war—isolationism, but supplies UK with weapons, food, planes, ships, supplies United States denounces Germany, stays out of war—isolationism, but supplies UK with weapons, food, planes, ships, supplies

15. The Battle of Britain August 1940: German Luftwaffe launches air attack of Great Britain—military only August 1940: German Luftwaffe launches air attack of Great Britain—military only Radar provides British early warning Radar provides British early warning British bomb Berlin, Hitler unleashes brutal air attack of British cities—London British bomb Berlin, Hitler unleashes brutal air attack of British cities—London Allows Britain to quickly rebuild air force Allows Britain to quickly rebuild air force Luftwaffe having trouble with new air force Luftwaffe having trouble with new air force Hitler postpones invasion of Britain Hitler postpones invasion of Britain

17. Attack on the Soviets Hitler thinks UK holding for hope of USSR Hitler thinks UK holding for hope of USSR Hitler wants British gone, attacks Soviets Hitler wants British gone, attacks Soviets Soviets did not have weapons like Germany Soviets did not have weapons like Germany Hitler expects Soviets to go down quick Hitler expects Soviets to go down quick Originally wanted to invade March 1941 Originally wanted to invade March 1941 Mussolini’s failed invasion of Greece delays plans Mussolini’s failed invasion of Greece delays plans Hitler invades USSR June 22, 1941 Hitler invades USSR June 22, 1941 Germany advances quickly, but Soviets stop them in early winter Germany advances quickly, but Soviets stop them in early winter Germans unprepared for Russian winter, fail Germans unprepared for Russian winter, fail

18. Battle of Stalingrad

20. New European Order & Holocaust When Germans conquered eastern Europe they planned on killing Slavs and Jews and repopulating the area with Germans When Germans conquered eastern Europe they planned on killing Slavs and Jews and repopulating the area with Germans Plans set in motion soon after taking over Plans set in motion soon after taking over Himmler plans on killing 30 million Slavs Himmler plans on killing 30 million Slavs 1940: Germany uses 7 million slaves 1940: Germany uses 7 million slaves Einsatzgruppen: Death squads, kill Jews Einsatzgruppen: Death squads, kill Jews 6 million Jews also killed in death squads 6 million Jews also killed in death squads 13 million orphaned children in Europe 13 million orphaned children in Europe

21. New Asian Order Japan’s slogan: “Asia for the Asiatics” Japan’s slogan: “Asia for the Asiatics” Puppet governments established Puppet governments established Resources used to benefit Japanese Resources used to benefit Japanese 1944-45: over 1 million Vietnamese starve 1944-45: over 1 million Vietnamese starve Japanese regularly kill, rape, rob locals Japanese regularly kill, rape, rob locals Used captured people as slaves Used captured people as slaves Rebels coordinate with American forces Rebels coordinate with American forces POWs forced into labor for Japanese POWs forced into labor for Japanese

22. Mobilization of America WWII=more total war than WWI WWII=more total war than WWI Even more women go to work in WWII Even more women go to work in WWII United States provides weapons to Allies United States provides weapons to Allies African Americans move north and west looking for work, women go to work African Americans move north and west looking for work, women go to work Causes tension among established residents Causes tension among established residents 110,000 Asian Americans moved to internment camps out east, take oath 110,000 Asian Americans moved to internment camps out east, take oath New place for women and minorities, leads to civil rights movement New place for women and minorities, leads to civil rights movement

24. Camp Miami Beach

25. The Allies Advance US, UK, USSR form Grand Alliance, stress military operations, not political differences US, UK, USSR form Grand Alliance, stress military operations, not political differences Agree to fight until all Axis Powers surrender Agree to fight until all Axis Powers surrender 1942: War turns against Germany, Japan 1942: War turns against Germany, Japan Nov ’42: Allies invade N. Africa, defeat Germans May ’43 Nov ’42: Allies invade N. Africa, defeat Germans May ’43 Feb ’43: German Sixth Army surrenders at Stalingrad Feb ’43: German Sixth Army surrenders at Stalingrad June ’42: USA sinks 4 Japanese carriers at Midway June ’42: USA sinks 4 Japanese carriers at Midway Gen MacArthur begins offensive in Philippines Gen MacArthur begins offensive in Philippines Combined Army, Marine and Navy “island hopping” Combined Army, Marine and Navy “island hopping” May 1943: Axis Tunisia surrenders May 1943: Axis Tunisia surrenders September 1943: Allies invade Italy September 1943: Allies invade Italy

28. The European Theater After Allies take Sicily, King Victor Emanuel III arrests Mussolini, freed by Germans After Allies take Sicily, King Victor Emanuel III arrests Mussolini, freed by Germans June 1944: Allies take Rome June 1944: Allies take Rome June 6, 1944: D-Day; Allies invade France June 6, 1944: D-Day; Allies invade France Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower plans invasion of Normandy’s beaches, then on to Germany Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower plans invasion of Normandy’s beaches, then on to Germany August ’44: Allies take Paris August ’44: Allies take Paris March ’45: Allies cross into Germany March ’45: Allies cross into Germany April ’45: Soviets enter Berlin, US not far away April ’45: Soviets enter Berlin, US not far away April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders

30. The Asian Theater April 1945: US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, replaced by Harry S Truman April 1945: US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, replaced by Harry S Truman Allied forces approach Japanese homeland Allied forces approach Japanese homeland Japanese refuse to surrender Japanese refuse to surrender Truman must decide to use new atomic bomb Truman must decide to use new atomic bomb August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Japanese city Hiroshima August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Japanese city Hiroshima Emperor refuses to surrender Emperor refuses to surrender Aug 9, 1945: second atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki Aug 9, 1945: second atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki Japan Surrenders on August 14, 1945 Japan Surrenders on August 14, 1945

33. Peace & A New War Allied victory brings tensions b/w powers Allied victory brings tensions b/w powers Cold War: United States and Soviet Union enter period of ideological conflict Cold War: United States and Soviet Union enter period of ideological conflict Tehran Conference: Meeting of the “Big Three” Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin Tehran Conference: Meeting of the “Big Three” Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin Outlines final attack on Germany (1943) Outlines final attack on Germany (1943) Split Germany between, east and west, US-UK forces and Soviet forces Split Germany between, east and west, US-UK forces and Soviet forces Soviets would liberate eastern Europe Soviets would liberate eastern Europe

34. The Yalta Conference The Big Three meet in February 1945 The Big Three meet in February 1945 Roosevelt seeks Soviet help with Japan Roosevelt seeks Soviet help with Japan Promises Japanese land to Stalin in exchange Promises Japanese land to Stalin in exchange All three join new United Nations All three join new United Nations First meeting set for April 1945 in San Francisco First meeting set for April 1945 in San Francisco After war Germany to be split into four parts controlled by US, UK, USSR & France After war Germany to be split into four parts controlled by US, UK, USSR & France Sides divided over setting free elections Sides divided over setting free elections

36. Potsdam and New Struggles July 1945: Potsdam Conference, Germany July 1945: Potsdam Conference, Germany President Truman replaces Roosevelt President Truman replaces Roosevelt Truman demands elections for Europe Truman demands elections for Europe Stalin refuses to allow them, knows better Stalin refuses to allow them, knows better Soviets had lost more than other Allies Soviets had lost more than other Allies Big Three agree to trials of Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg Germany(1945-1946) Big Three agree to trials of Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg Germany(1945-1946) Churchill: “iron curtain has descended on the continent” splitting Europe east/west Churchill: “iron curtain has descended on the continent” splitting Europe east/west