HELPING FARMERS IN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT— THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE/USDA 美国对农业市场的服务

AMS 的主要职能 Facilitate the Strategic Marketing of Agricultural Products in Domestic and International Markets Producer to Consumer 从生产者到消费者

机构构成 Program Areas Organized by Commodity Employees 雇员 : Full-Time Federal 专职 2,782 Part-Time Federal 兼职 1,327 State 5,500 (Federally Supervised) Cooperative Agreements 380 Federal Offices 161 Statutes Administered 50+

AMS 12% Other USDA 88%

Market Facilitation 市场便利服务 Grading and Certification Services 产品分级及 认证 Commodity Standards 产品标准 Biotechnology 生物技术市场应用评估 Market News 市场信息收集与发布 Global Market Expansion 全球市场开发 National Organic Program 国家有机农业计划 Commodity Purchases 农产品交易

Facilitates marketing of commodities Provides impartial evaluation of product quality Provides quality assurance and other customer requested services Provides voluntary fee-supported service Commodities Graded 产品分级 Cotton Cottonseed Products Dairy Products Edible Tree Nuts Poultry Products Shell Eggs Rabbits Domestic and Imported Tobacco Livestock Fresh Fruits and Vegetables & specialty products Peanuts Processed Fruits and Vegetables Meat and Meat Products

Describes product quality attributes 产品品质描述 Provides a common language of trade for buyers and sellers 买卖双方交流 598 U.S. and international standards in effect: Cotton 棉花 Livestock and Meat 家畜及肉制 品 Dairy products 奶制品 Poultry and Eggs 家禽及 蛋 Fruits and Vegetables 水果及蔬菜 Tobacco 烟草 Utilized in user fee grading and market news reporting

Biotechnology 生物技术市场应用 评估 Comprehensive program to facilitate marketing issues relating to biotechnology. Developing voluntary services: –Audited process verification program –Lab testing services for seeds and plants –Expanded property rights protection –Identity preservation programs with States –Accreditation of private labs and rapid diagnostic kits to test seeds and plants FY SYs

Creates Federal/State and international reports Generates time-sensitive information Internet access ( Covers all major agricultural products Helps to equalize agricultural marketing opportunities Part of the livestock and meat reporting is mandatory and everything else is voluntary 市场信息收集

Global Market Expansion 全球市场开发 Supports export marketing for agricultural products International Specifications Program: 国际规范 –AMS serves on or heads U.S. delegations to meetings of international food and fiber standards-setting organizations –Involvement at design stage helps to keep international food standard from becoming trade barriers International Reporting: 国际市场信息发布 –AMS provides current trading information on international markets to U.S. growers and traders for better production and sales decisions FY Staff Years

Develops national standards with the National Organic Standards Board Enhances marketing opportunities for organically produced foods Accredits State and private certification agents 国家有机农业计划

Removes surplus commodities from markets 转移剩余农产品 Purchased over $600 million in FY 2002 交易额超过 6 亿美元 Purchased over $800 million pounds of product in FY 2002 Purchases include: meat, fruits and vegetables, 交易农产品包括 poultry products, and fish 肉和水果等。 Emergency/disaster relief purchases 援助受灾地区 农产品交易

Industry Self-Help 产业自助 Research and Promotion Program 科研计划 Marketing Agreements and Orders 产品协议及订 单

Programs in Effect 有成果的项目 Avocado 鳄梨 Cotton 棉花 Beef 牛肉 Dairy 奶制品 Egg 蛋 Fluid Milk 奶 Honey 蜂蜜 Mushroom 蘑菇 Popcorn 爆米花 Peanut 花生 Lamb 羔羊 Pork 猪肉 Potato 马铃薯 Soybean 大豆 Watermelon 西瓜 Blueberry 橘 Provides Federal oversight of industry funded self-help programs

Millions ($) 科研及促进计划

Stabilizes market conditions and improves producer income through: 稳定市场、提高生产者收入 Minimum prices 最低价 Quality and quantity requirements 量、质要求 Market development and promotion 市场发展 11 Dairy Marketing Orders 36 Fruit & Vegetable Marketing Orders

Product Value Assessment Billions ($)Millions ($) 产品价值市场现价评估

Fair Trade 公平贸易 Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act (PACA) 易变质农产品管理条例 Plant Variety Protection Act (PVP) 植物品种保 护法 Federal Seed Act 联邦种子法

Ensures fair trading in the fresh & frozen fruit and vegetable industry Issues licenses to companies and individuals that buy, sell, and/or broker commercial quantitiesof fruits and vegetables in interstate and foreign commerce Suspends or revokes licenses, or assesses monetary penalties in lieu of suspension, to firms that violate fair trading practices Provides a forum for fruit and vegetable firms to resolve contract disputes 易变质农产品管理条例

Provides intellectual property rights protection to developers for sexually reproduced plants: 25-year protection for woody plants 20-year protection for other species 植物品种保护条例

Regulates interstate sale of seeds in cooperation with State programs Provides truth-in-labeling of seeds - variety, vigor, and weed content 联邦种子法

Regulatory 规章 Shell Egg Surveillance 对带壳蛋的监管 Pesticide Recordkeeping Program 农药记录保 存

Inspects shell egg handlers and hatcheries quarterly Cooperates with State departments of agriculture Controls disposition of under grade and restricted eggs Monitors egg storage and handling temperature 带壳蛋的监管

Ensures that records of Federally restricted use pesticides are: Maintained by certified applicators Available for official use 农药记录保存

Science Pesticide Data Program (PDP) 杀虫剂数据库 Microbiological Data Program (MDP) 微 生物数据库 科研

Activity: Collects statistically-based data on pesticide residues, including drinking water Functions through cooperative programs with States Maintains a database of residue information Results: Improves the quality of dietary risk assessment Provides data for the re-registration of minor use pesticides Assures international customers of the safety of sampled commodities 杀虫剂数据库

Activity: 微生物数据库 Collects statistically-based data on foodborne pathogens Functions through cooperative programs with States Maintains a national database Results: Improves the quality and wholesomeness of fresh produce Provides data for food safety decision-making purposes Establishes “benchmarks” to evaluate procedures to reduce or eliminate harmful foodborne microorganisms

Research and Analysis 科研分 析 Wholesale Market Development 批发市场 发展 Transportation 运输 Federal-State Market Improvement Program 联邦市场改进计划

Improves wholesale marketing facilities 改善批发市场条件 Provides farmer/consumer direct marketing 提供直接买卖 场所 Develops new technology to reduce costs 科技创新降低成 本 In cooperation with States （与政府合作） : 批发市场发展

Major Functions 主要功能 : Conducts economic studies and analyses on distribution of agricultural products in domestic and international markets Assists shippers entering the export market Represents U.S. Agricultural interests on transportation issues before industry and governmental regulatory bodies Plans and implements long-term agricultural transportation strategies 运输服务

Provides matching grants to States Develops market opportunities for small, limited- resource farmers and agribusiness 联邦市场改进计划