APA Part 1 – Test citations Turnitin and Using APA to Avoid Plagiarism Video: 9 min. 30 sec.

Plagiarism is defined as using another person’s ideas or words without giving them proper credit. Re-using class assignments in other classes is a form of self-plagiarism. Plagiarism can be grounds for dismissal. Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism Graphic from San Jose State University plagiarism webpage (

Types of Plagiarism

"I stole my term paper off the Internet, but I think it’s okay. My topic is plagiarism.” Cartoon by Randy Glasbergen “My topic is plagiarism!”

Turnitin Originality Report: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Turnitin Identifies Exact Words From Other Sources

Do Not Just Cut and Paste: Quote!!

APA Rules for Direct Quotes “ Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system” (Smith, 2008, p. 212). Exact words are enclosed in quotes and a text citation is provided: APA manual, pp

When Using a Direct Quote, Provide the Page # “… victims of cyberterrorism” (Windhorst, 2004, p. 237). Krankenstein (2006) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48). Lynch (2007) stated, “The findings are not valid” (p. 22) but later maintained that other studies reached different conclusions. See APA, Chapter 6, p When Using a Direct Quote, Provide the Page #:

Original Sources Quoted Using APA Rules

Definition of Paraphrasing “Paraphrasing is not simply rearranging or rewording an original passage. Correct paraphrasing consists of reading the original passage, understanding what the original author is saying, synthesizing… the information, and then expressing your understanding of these ideas in your own words.” San Jose State University (

Paraphrasing: Rewording More Than 50% “ Signed into law in January 2002 by President George W. Bush, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act signaled the nation’s most sweeping education reform of federal education policy in decades. NCLB laid the groundwork for education reforms and the president’s attempt to strengthen America’s education system” (Smith, 2008, p. 212). When the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act was signed into law in January of 2002 by President Bush, the law provided the most all-encompassing reform in education the United States in decades and provided a foundation for strengthening educational policy at the national level for years to come (Smith, 2008). Direct quote Paraphrased APA manual, pp

Words Used Verbatim: Cited But Not Quoted

Not Paraphrased

Turnitin Provides Information about the Source

Primary Source Cited But Words Were Actually Plagiarized From a Secondary Source Researchers have noted adjustment problems during a rising ninth grader’s transition period. The rising ninth graders’ grade point averages and attendance tend to decrease. The upcoming freshman experience feelings of connectedness, and co-curricular participation. They also experience an increase in anxiety concerning school procedures and older students, social difficulties. So far, transition programs have varied widely within schools, and designs range from a one-day overview of a new school to a full school year of career-focused curriculum. Although the scope of research varies as much as the programs themselves, several important aspects have been emphasized, and it is apparent that longer-term comprehensive transition programming can be beneficial. Dropout There is a high school dropout epidemic in America. Each year, almost one-third of all public high school students – and nearly one-half of all blacks, Hispanics and Native Americans – fail to graduate from public high school (Bridgeland, Dilulio, Jr., and Morison, 2006). The most common reasons for dropping out of high school are attitude towards school, poor school performance, and poor relationship with teachers. Dropouts also had lower academic performance, decreased motivation, and an increased sense of alienation from the school environment (Lan & Lanthier, 2003). Research also revealed that high school students often consider the social organizational changes and academic work as the most difficult part of transition (Akos, 2004). Researchers have noted adjustment problems duringin anxiety concerning school procedures and older students, social difficulties. transition programs have varied widely within schools, and designs range from a one-day overview of a new school to a full school year of career-focused curriculum. Although the scope of research varies as much as the programs themselves, several important aspects have been emphasized, and it is apparent that longer-term comprehensive transition programming can be beneficial.The most common reasons for dropping out of high schoolattitude towards school, poor school performance, andrelationship with teachers.had lower academic performance, decreased motivation, and an increased sense of alienation from the school environmentResearch alsothat high school students oftenthe social organizational changes and academic work as the most difficultof transition (Akos, The original idea was from Lan & Lanthier, but the actual words are from a secondary source by Clarke. The problem is that the secondary source was not cited. (Lan & Lanthier, 2003).

Freud ’s theory of the id, ego, and superego (as cited in Dickerson, 2012) … Dickerson, L. (2012). Freudian concepts of id, ego and superego applied to chemical and other addictions. New York, NY: Universe. Text citation: List the primary source in the reference list entry: Using Secondary Sources: Use the Phrase “as cited in….”

Cartoon “I like the writing in that paper. I only wish some of it had been yours.” Cartoon by Matthew Henry Hall (

Reference List

Reference Citations Using APA Formatting r Rallapalli, K. C., Vitell, S. J. & Barnes, J. H. (1998). The influence of norms on ethical judgements and intentions: An empirical study of marketing professionals. Journal of Business Research, 43(3), Reidenback, R. E., Robin, R. P., (1988). Some initial steps toward improving the measurement of ethical evaluations of marketing activities. Journal of Business Ethics, 7(11), Reidenback, R. E., & Robin, D. P (1990). Toward the development of a multidimensional scale for improving evaluations of business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 9(8), Reference Citations

Common Phrases and Names

When to Cite a Reference Should I cite? Is it a quote? Use quotation marks and cite it Yes When to Cite a Reference Is it a paraphrase? Cite it Yes No Is it another’s idea/theory? Cite it Yes No There is no need to cite if it’s common knowledge or your own thoughts No Cardiff University

Use APA to Ethically Cite Sources  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6 th ed.) - Do NOT just cut and paste! -Cite source of ideas and exact words. -Use quotation marks around exact words and a text citation. - Provide page number for direct quotes. - Cite source for paraphrased ideas or words.

Avoid Plagiarizing! Questions? F I got an F?!? What do you mean -- all my facts are wrong?!? I copied everything straight from the World Book Encyclopedia Online!!