©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. COLLABORATE ® Video Conferencing Networking Basics

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Addressing +IP addressing +Networking Ports +Network Address Translation +Firewalls

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. +“Internet Protocol address is a numerical label assigned to each device participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication” (Wikipedia, May 25 th, 2011). –Every device on network must have unique address –IP Address –Subnet Mask –Default Gateway An address of a router to get to another network –Only if needing access to other network IP Addressing

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Addressing +How Many Addresses are there? >IP Version ,294,967,296 >IP Version 6 –~ 3.4×10 38 IPV6 addresses 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Addressing 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211, undecillion 282- decillion 366- nonillion 920- octillion 938- septillion 463- sextillion 463- quintillion 374- quadrillion 607- trillion 431- billion 768- million 211- thousand 456

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Addressing +Public and Private IP addresses +Public addresses are routable via the Internet –Assigned to Regional Internet Registries by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Addressing +Private IP Addresses are not routable via the Internet –Used in Closed networks –LANs, WANs, CANs, MANs – – – – – – – – – link-local address (APIPA) – – – localhost – – Carrier Grade NAT (RFC6598)

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Addressing class A (16, 777,216) class B (65,536) class C (256) IP Addressing

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Subnet mask IP Address Network Subnet Mask Host Address Range - IP Address Example 32 bits in length 4 octets, 8 bits in length each.

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Address Example

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Address Example

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Address Example

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Address Host Subnet – Default Gateway MAIN Street CENTER Street

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Address Host Subnet – Default Gateway

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Address “AND”ing +ANDing –The process used by a source device to find out if the destination device is on the same network or on a different network –1 AND 1 = 1 –1 AND 0 = 0 –0 AND 0 = 0 –0 AND 1 = 0

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Address “AND”ing Network My IP Address: My Subnet Mask: “AND”ing equals Network Host Dest. IP Address: Dest. Subnet Mask: “AND”ing equals Network Host

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Address “AND”ing Network My IP Address: My Subnet Mask: “AND”ing equals Network Host Dest. IP Address: Dest. Subnet Mask: “AND”ing equals Network Host

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Address Routing Host – Subnet – Default Gateway Router is my “Post Office” Checking Routing Table

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. +DHCP +Static +Link-Local (APIPA) Assigning IP Address’

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. +Easy way to assign IP addresses to hosts +Helps prevent duplicate IP addresses +Most home routers have server built in +Can configure router to specify which addresses to assign –Configure Lease time How long a client can keep IP address before renewing IP address can change!!! DHCP-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Where is my Server? I am here! Use I want to use ACK! You are using DHCP Server DHCP Client

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. +More difficult to Maintain +User error can cause –Duplicate IP’s –Incorrect input +Much longer to set up –Must set IP address on all devices, not server centric +Why use Static IP’s? –Video Conferencing Units –NetPoint –Cameras –Media Servers –Virtual controls –Third Party controls using IP –Gateway Routers need to be static No DHCP server available Static IP Addressing

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. +Link-Local Address – – /24 and /24 are reserved +No DHCP server available +Primary configuration method fails +Not Routable! +DHCP server lease will override this address configuration Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Addressing +IP addressing +Networking Ports +Network Address Translation +Firewalls

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Network Ports +“…an application-specific or process-specific software construct serving as a communications endpoint in a computer's host operating system. A port is associated with an IP address of the host, as well as the type of protocol used for communication” (Wikipedia, January 31, 2013). +Multiplexing –“Door” to different applications running on a computer

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Network Ports +Network Ports –Specific to an application serving as a communication point in a computer’s operating system –16 bits in length –1 – –UDP or TCP ports –Well Known Ports 1 – 1023 –23 = Telnet –25 = SMTP –80 = HTTP –389 = LDAP :1720 IP Address Port

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. IP Address Routing Host – Subnet – Default Gateway Router is my “Post Office” Checking Routing Table

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Network Ports Jane Doe

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Network Ports Jane Doe Apartment 1720

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Network Port examples Network Port

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Network Port example EMai l Web Telnet VC

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Network Ports Source Port Destination Port Sent from my Computer Sent from Yahoo Server

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. +IP addressing +Networking Ports +Network Address Translation +Firewalls IP Addressing

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Network Address Translation +How does my computer with a private IP, communicate on the Internet? –IPv4 provides ~4.3 billion addresses Many are reserved –Every device on Internet requires unique address +Network Address Translation NAT (RFC3022) Allows router to act as agent between private and public network –Changes IP information in transit –Allows Enterprise to use one set of IP Addresses internally and another externally –“Hides” internal IP addresses from outside world

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Internet Network Address Translation A BC A B C Static NAT >Mapping Private IP addresses to Public IP addresses on a one-to-one basis >Address mapping does not change Private IPPublic IP

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Internet Network Address Translation A BC Dynamic NAT >Maps internal IPs to a Pool of External IPs >Many-to-Many >Address mapping CAN change These address’ can change A B C Private IPPublic IP

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Internet Network Address Translation A BC : : :300 +Overloading >Maps many internal IPs to a single external IP >Many-to-One >Port Address Translation A B C Private IPPublic IPPort

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. +IP addressing +Networking Ports +Network Address Translation +Firewalls IP Addressing

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Firewalls +Firewalls –Software based –Hardware based –Protects private network +Packet Filters –Based on IP addresses, Protocols, Port Numbers –Stateful or Stateless +Application-Layer –Examines process of data packets –Application Layer Filters +Proxies +Network Address Translation

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Firewall Traversal Enterprise LAN WAN/Internet DMZ Internal Network

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Firewall Traversal A BC B C : :1720 A Outbound to from port 1720 B Outbound to from port : : :21 Denied Internet Denied

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. H.323 and Ports +Collaborate Video Conferencing Ports –389 Static TCP LDAP –1718 Static UDP Gatekeeper discovery –1719 Static UDP Gatekeeper,RAS (Registration Admission & Status ) –1720 Static TCP Q.931 (Call Setup) –1731 Static TCP Audio control – Dynamic TCP H.245 (Call Parameters) –( ) Dynamic TCP/UDP H235/RTP – Dynamic UDP (RTP) Video Data Streams, (RTP) Audio Data Streams, (RTCP) Control Information –3000 Static TCP Collaborate VCB for 1 service –3001 Static TCP Collaborate VCB for 2 services –22136 Static TCP ClearOne Collaborate Central - Remote ClearOne Endpoint Admin –26505 Static TCP ClearOne Collaborate Central - Remote Console Login Ports to open when using SIP: –5060 TCP and UDP –5004 UDP –10000 UDP (SIP gate service - usually 3478/9) – UDP (RTP, RTCP multimedia streaming)

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. No Firewall Traversal VCB

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Firewall traversal without NetPoint VCB Open Ports: 1718 – 1719 UDP 1720, 1731 TCP – UDP/TCP* 389 TCP 80 TCP 26505, TCP

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Firewall Traversal with NetPoint VCB Server Open Ports: TCP UDP 389 TCP

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. +IP addressing +Networking Ports +Network Address Translation +Firewalls IP Addressing

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Streaming Your Video Conference Multicast and Unicast

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Video Conference Streaming +Streaming your Video Conference >Cost effective way to get your message to the masses +Multicast Streaming –One to many stream –Saves bandwidth –Not enabled over Internet –Requires multicast viewer +Unicast Streaming –Many – to – Many –Uses more bandwidth –Can be used over Internet –Requires Windows media player or other compatible viewer

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Multicast Streaming SWITCH SWITCH Source Multicast Stream I want this service One-to-Many

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Multicast Streaming SWITCH SWITCH Source Multicast Stream 1024 Kbps One-to-Many

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Unicast Streaming SWITCH SWITCH Source Unicast Stream 1 Unicast Stream 2 Unicast Stream 3 Many-to-Many

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Unicast Streaming SWITCH SWITCH Source Unicast Stream 1 Unicast Stream 2 Unicast Stream Kbps 1024 Kbps X 3

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Collaborate Streaming +Collaborate Room –Multicast capable # of viewers is dependent on network –Unicast capable Up to 20 Sstreams +Collaborate VCB –Multicast capable # of viewers is dependent on network –Unicast Capable Up to 50 Streams +Collaborate Desktop –Multicast capable # of viewers is dependent on network –Unicast capable Up to 20 Streams

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Multicast and Unicast Streaming Source SWITCH Multicast Streams LAN Internet

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Multicast and Unicast Streaming Source SWITCH Multicast Streams LAN Internet Unicast Streams

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Multicast and Unicast Streaming Source SWITCH LAN Internet Unicast Streams

©2012 ClearOne Communications. Confidential and proprietary. Thank You For Your Time