Distributed Generation & Energy Storage in Indonesia Chayun Budiono PT Gerbang Multindo Nusantara Jakarta, Indonesia

Indonesia in Profile*) Sea area : 7 900 000 km2 Land area : 1 900 000 km2 Population : 212 Million Provinces : 31 District : 302 Sub-district : 4 918 Village : 70 460 Islands : 17 000 Currency : Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) 1 USD  8500 IDR All figures are approximation only *) Central Bureau of Statistics 2003

Energy Reserve in Indonesia Fossil Fuel Oil*) : 5.00 Billion Barrels (0.5%) Gas *) : 2.05 Trillion m3 (1.4%) Coal *) : 5.22 Billion Ton (0.5%) Renewable Hydro : 75.0 GW Biomass : 470 Million GJ/year Solar Energy : 5.0 kWh/m2.day Wind & Wave : Potential along South Coast of Java *) Proven Reserve as of 2000; percentage to the world reserve.

Needs for Energy Storage Supply of most RE systems as well as energy demand are time dependent. Both RE supply and energy demand generally follow a statistical phenomena Availability of RE supply does not necessarily coincide with the energy demand

Supply & Demand Pattern PV Output output to battery output to load load to be supplied from battery

Solar Home System (SHS) Socket for radio, TV, etc TL Lamp BCU PV Panel Battery PV-panel 50Wp Battery Control Unit 10 A/12VDC Battery 70 Ah/12VDC 3 TL lamps 10W/12VDC

Solar Home System (SHS) 50 ~ 300 Wp

PV-SHS Costs Unit Cost USD 300-350

PV-D Hybrid System

Stand-alone PV System PV Size = 30 kWp ; Battery = 400 Ah(220 VDC)

PV-Diesel Hybrid System PV Size=12.5 kWp ; Diesel=15 kW ; Battery = 120 Ah(220 VDC)

PV-D Hybrid at Pena’ah Island PV Generator 12.5 kWp Battery 400 Ah / 220 VDC Diesel Generator 20 kVA Inverter 15 kVA

PV-D Hybrid System Capacity 12.5 – 15 kWp Cost ± USD 150,000

Micro-hydro Plant LEGEND 1. Weir 6. Storage Tank 2. Sand Trap 7. Penstock 3. Pipe Bridge 8. Spillway 4. Head Race Channel 9. Power House 5. Siphon 10. Tailrace Channel

Hydraulic Storage The 2275 m3 capacity storage tank provides back-up capacity allowing the scheme to supply peak load demands for limited periods (min 2 hours) even when streamflow is below design flow. Power Output 2 x 125 kW Design flow 600 l/s Net Head 64 m Headrace 572 m Storage 2,275 m3

Pumped Sea water 1.1 MW Tapered Channel Wave Concept at Baron, Yogyakarta

Conclusion Storage system remains an important component or plays an important role in distributed generation, particularly for the renewable energy system applications. Cost of RE distributed generation, particularly a stand-alone PV system, is significantly influenced by the cost of battery. Hence, there is a need to reduce the battery cost and increase the battery lifetime to enable bring both the investment- and lifecycle costs of renewable energy systems down. Hydraulic storage (pumped water) can be one of alternative energy storage system for RE application. Utilization of pumped sea water as a storage has an economic potential to be developed along the south-coast of Java island. It can be used to fill the valley during low demand of Java-Bali grid or in combination with the utilization of distributed renewable energy sources (wave, wind and solar-energy).