Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com Presented by Thomas Ditoro, HDR Architecture

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, First National Bank of Omaha Founded in 1863 By 1953, seventh bank in the United States to offer credit cards Largest in-house processor of credit cards in the US Top 25 Mastercard and Visa issuer Top 10 Mastercard and Visa processor

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, HDR’s Commission January, 1997 Provide 7 x 24 mission critical space with no planned outages Facility functions: Credit card transactions Embossing Cash handling Web hosting Collocation

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, HDR’s Commission Four fuel cell power plants - ONSI PC25C Two separate and distinct utility feeds: Electric (Omaha Public Power District) Gas (Metropolitan Utilities District) Communications (Sprint, MCI, UUNET) Chilled water (Energy Systems Company) Steam (Energy Systems Company)

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com WHY USE FUEL CELLS?  Efficiency  Environmental Compliance  Availability

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5,

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELLS o deg C operating temperature o H 3 PO 4 matrix electrolyte o Pros:  Commercially available (200kW units)  Proven operation on natural gas, hydrogen, land fill gas, and methane  Low emissions  High availability

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELLS  Cons: High cost catalyst (PT) Needs external reformer CO, NH 3, and S poison reformer Cost $ per kW

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELLS  Used in stationary and transportation applications ONSI 200 kW units Fuel cell buses  Commercial fleet reliability of 96%  Units currently cost $850,000 for 200 kW  Units qualify for $200,000 federal rebate  Quiet operation (>62 dBA at 30’)  Demonstrated fuel sources include: natural gas, propane, hydrogen, or landfill gas

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, o Calculations  Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)  Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)  Reliability vs. Availability Reliability is only concerned with system failure. Availability includes maintenance and repair time in equation.

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5,

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com AVAILABILITY/RELIABILITY o Fuel cell reliability on natural gas surpasses diesel generators  Multiple fuel sources can extend these advantages to remote sites (propane and natural gas)  Not reliant on the utility grid  ONSI PC25 fleet has a 96% availability

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com o Simplified Availability Model of the Fuel Cell System

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA o System Operation  Two separate fully capable boundaries, each powered by: A 1250 kW Prime rated diesel generators Two ONSI PC25C fuel cells Two 260 kW Piller Uniblock rotary UPS units One 1.6 MW, 10 Second ride through, 3400 rpm, 10 ton flywheel Dual independent electric, gas, and communication services to facility

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com STANDARD UPS SYSTEM DATA ELECTRICITY CONVERTED = 4950 MW PER YEAR COOLING ENERGY REQUIREMENTS = 460 MW PER YEAR INSTALLED COST = $1.6 MILLION ANNUAL MAINTENANCE COSTS = $50,000 RECURRING MAINTENANCE COSTS = $215,000 WET CELL REPLACEMENT AT YEAR 7.

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com * 460 MW IS AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO COOL STATIC UPS SYSTEM.

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com EMMISSION DATA

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com FUEL CELL DATA NATURAL GAS CONSUMED = MILLION SCF OF NATURAL GAS ELECTRICITY PRODUCED = 4950 MW PER YEAR HEAT RECOVERED = 9.5 X 10 9 BTU PER YEAR INSTALLED COST = $3.8 MILLION ANNUAL MAINTENANCE COSTS = $120,000 RECURRING MAINTENANCE = $175,000/CELL TO REPLACE CELL STACK AT YEAR 7.

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com FUEL CELL SYSTEM EFFICIENCY FCPP – Electrical Efficiency BTUh of Fuel Consumed Annually = 47.73x10 6 BTU* 1000 BTU/scf =47.73x10 9 BTU Rotary UPS Efficiency = through synchronous motor path (normal operation) 1 Total BTUh consumed to produce 600kW = 47.73x10 9 BTUh / = 48.93x10 9 BTU Heat Rate = 48.93x10 9 BTU / 3412 BTU/kW 22 = 14,340,198 kW = 14,340 MW FCPP – Thermal Benefits Heat Rate of Recovered Heat = 9.515x10 9 BTU / 3412 BTU/kW 1 = 2,789 MW Total System Efficiency = Q OUT / Q IN = (Electricity Produced + Heat reclaimed) / Fuel Consumed = (4950MWh MW) / 14,340 MW = 54.0% 1 Value confirmed during system commissioning. 2 Heat Rate Conversion: 3412 BTU = 1 kW

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com EMMISSION DATA

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA o System Operation to Date  Electricity Produced MWh  Gas Consumption Million SCF  Heat Recovered x 10 9 BTU (2,789 MW)  Availability OPPD % % Fuel Cells - 96% Fuel Cell System %

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA o System Comparisons

Fuel Cells: Improving the Bottom Line October 5, 2000www.hdrinc.com IDEAL FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS o High Availability Systems  Data Centers  Chip Manufacturers  Defense Facilities o Free Fuel Applications  Plastics/Petroleum Facilities  Beef Processing Facilities o Combined Plant Operations  Prisons, Hotels, Laundry Facilities  Food Processing