The ESA CoSMOS study for the validation of the SMOS L2 prototype K Saleh Contell, Y. Kerr, MJ Escorihuela, G. Boulet, P. Maisongrande, P. de Rosnay, JP Wigneron, A Cano, E Lopez-Baeza, JP Grant, J Balling, N Skou, M Berger, S Delwart, P Wursteisen 1

OUTLINE 1.Presentation of the CoSMOS study 2.Overview of the ESA CoSMOS campaign 3.Data processing for validation of the SMOS SM L2 prototype 4.Ongoing studies 5.Conclusion 2

3 FIRST EVALUATION OF THE SMOS SM LEVEL 2 (L2) ALGORITHM USING REAL DATA FINE TUNE MODELLING OF MICROWAVE MODEL L-MEB PERFORMANCE OF THE SMOS L2 ‘DEFAULT MODEL’? ‘OPPORTUNITY STUDIES’ (e.g. land sun-glint, fully polarimetric data, sensor intercomp.) 1/ Presentation of the CoSMOS study SENSITIVITY OF RETRIEVALS TO INPUT SURFACE DATA? (e.g. surface T, …) Objectives

4 ESA CoSMOS Campaign EMIRAD L-BAND RADIOMETER 1/ Presentation of the CoSMOS study Data sets 2005 NAFE-05 PLMR L-BAND RADIOMETER

5 1/ Presentation of the CoSMOS study Schedule 2007|2008 WP number and title JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND WP1000 Project management WP2000 Literature review WP3100 Data acquisition WP3200 Data processing WP4000 Algorithm implementation and validation WP5000 Analysis of NAFE-05 PLMR WP6100 Conclusions and recommendations (1) WP6200 Conclusions and recommendations (2) SMOS launch

6 2/ Overview of the CoSMOS Campaign ESA flights EMIRAD POLARIMETRIC RADIOMETER (TUD) onboard Aero Commander 500S Nadir ~ 40 deg

7 2/ Overview of the CoSMOS Campaign ESA flights FLIGHT TYPENADIROFF-NADIR ‘REGULAR’375 m x 375 m540 m x 392 m ‘WATER’305 m x 305 m440 m x 320 m SCALING1290 m x 1290 m (up to) 1870 m x 1360 m ‘SUN-GLINT’ dives ‘CALIBRATION’120 m x 120 m300 m x 200 m calibration NR OF DAYS 8 (~ 10 h) 2 (~ 6 h) 3 (10 h) 1 12

8 2/ Overview of the CoSMOS Campaign 14/1115/1117/11 20/1121/1122/1123/11 27/1129/11 03/1209/12 scaling rainfall /sun glint regular water / scaling [K]

9 2/ Overview of the CoSMOS Campaign PLMR: (M) multiple resolution, (R) regional, (  ) multi-angular, (D) dew 2-week overlap shown: 17 EMIRAD/PLMR flights on same farm/day

2/ Overview of the CoSMOS Campaign 10 EMIRAD nadir off- nadir

11 nadir off- nadir a) Rather stable TB measurements across the farm, specially for dry soil b) TB Response to soil moisture changes  TB~ 40 K at nadir for grass  TB~ 30 K at nadir for crops c) ‘Wet soil signature’ after rain (low litter content in farms) 2/ Overview of the CoSMOS Campaign EMIRAD

1 Antenna gain projected on the surface f(aircraft attitude, antenna orientation, gain pattern,topography) 2 Grid of normalised gains ccc gggg gggg gggg c f f 3 Modelled TB (e.g. crop,grass,forest) 5 Comparison to measured TB 4 Transportation of simulation of TB from surface to antenna 3/ Data processing for validation of the L2 processor 12

3/ Data processing for validation of the L2 processor 12 13

3/ Data processing for validation of the L2 processor Gridded gain FNO FFO Gridded Land uses Gridded Surface data e.g. SM’ ccc gggg gggg gggg c f f ‘L-MEB param. grid’ 3 SMOS Breadboards Modelled TB at the antenna level ‘Incidence angle grid’ ALL GRIDS 14

4/ Ongoing studies for validation of the L2 algorithm L2 VALIDATION FOR HOMOGENEOUS SURFACES VALIDATION GRASS/CROPS MICROWAVE MODEL LITTER AND INTERCEPTION VALIDATION SOIL MICROWAVE MODEL FOREST MICROWAVE MODEL GROUP OF STUDIES 1 USES L-BAND DATA UNDER 1 KM 15

4/ Ongoing studies for validation of the L2 algorithm VALIDATION L2 HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES SM RETRIEVALS IN MIXED PIXELS ‘NOMINAL’ + ‘FOREST’ (SM retrieved in the nominal part only) SM RETRIEVALS IN MIXED PIXELS ‘NOMINAL’ + ‘NOMINAL’ GROUP OF STUDIES 2 USES L-BAND DATA UNDER 1 KM 16 wheat grass SM? forest grass SM?

4/ Ongoing studies for validation of the L2 algorithm VALIDATION OF LOW-RES SM SM VALIDATION FROM L2 RETRIEVALS AT THE SMOS SCALE SM RETRIEVALS AT 1 KM FROM L2 AGGREGATED TBs GROUP OF STUDIES 3 17 USES LOW-RES L-BAND DATA SM?

4/ Ongoing studies for validation of the L2 algorithm ‘OPPORTUNITY STUDIES’ USE OF FULLY POLARIMETRIC L-BAND DATA QUANTIFICATION OF SUN-GLINT REFLECTION OVER LAND GROUP OF STUDIES 4 TOPOGRAPHY EFFECTS COMPARISON PLMR-EMIRAD 18

5/ Conclusion 19 i)CoSMOS-NAFE Campaign provided a Great ‘Outdoors lab’ for SMOS Level 2 Implementation/Validation ii)Expected outputs: i)Assessment of the ‘default’ Level 2 algorithm ii)Recommendations for algorithm improvement iii)Recommendations for future Cal/Val campaigns during the SMOS commissioning phase ii)For some preliminary results / project documents : -Saleh K et al., The CoSMOS L-band experiment in Southeast Australia, Proceeding of International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Barcelona, Spain, July, Please contact