The Continuation of the First World War, LTC (Retired) Oakland McCulloch

Outline End of WWI and the Versailles Settlement Mood of the World –World Wide Depression –Casualties From WWI –Appeasement to Avoid Another War Failure of the League of Nations –In Europe –In Asia –Failure of Other Countries Rise of ‘isms’ –Nazism, Fascism, Communism, Nationalism Another War Was Inevitable Because…

Germany defeated but not destroyed War ended with German Army still on French soil German people felt betrayed by the government All major European Powers exhausted The End of WWI

The Continuation of the First World War, The Versailles Settlement Drawn up by peace congress in Paris made up of French, British, American delegations, assisted by a myriad of diplomats from other minor allied powers. Redrew the map of Europe Germany lost territory 9 new or renewed states formed in Eastern Europe Germany Punished Germany lost territory Germany must pay huge war reparations for war damages Developed structure of League of Nations Germans were not involved and received the final text and signed the treaty on 28 June 1919.

German territorial losses and economic & military restrictions German Army restricted to NMT 100,000 soldiers No Armor & no General Staff

Restructured Eastern Europe

The Continuation of the First World War, The Great Powers After the War World Wide Depression Casualties from WWI Anything to Avoid Another War Cost of World War I Major Allied Powers US 32.3 Britain 39.3 British Empire 52.0 France 49.9 Russia 21.6 Italy 18.1 Total Billion Major Cental Powers Germany 32.3 Austria 39.3 Turkey 52.0 Total 85.2 Billion Casualties In World War I Allied Powers Russia 1,700,000 4,950, France 1,357,800 4,266, British Empire 908,371 2,090, Italy 650, , United States 126, , Others 409, , Total 5,152,115 12,831, Central Powers Germany 1,773,700 4,216, Austria-Hungary 1,200,000 3,620, Turkey 325, , Bulgaria 87, , Total 3,386,200 8,388, KIA WIA % of Mobilized

The Continuation of the First World War, The Failure of the League of Nations Failure in Europe Oct 35 Italy invades Abyssinia Mar 36 Occupation of Rhineland Mar 38 Annexation of Austria Sep 38 Annexation of Sudetenland Mar 39 Take over of Czechoslavakia Apr 39 Italy occupies Albania Jul 36 – Mar 39 Spanish Civil War 1 Sep 39 Invasion of Poland Failure in Asia Japan occupies Manchuria Jul 37 – Dec 39 Invasion & occupation of whole North East quarter of China Sep 40 Occupation of French Indo-China 7 Dec 41 Pearl Harbor No other countries tried to stop the aggression

The Continuation of the First World War, The Rise of ‘isms’ Nationalism is a policy of putting the interest of one’s won nation before the interests of all other nations and the common interest of mankind was full of ‘isms’ communism, Nazism, fascism, capitalism, colonialism, imperialism all subordinate to Nationalism all except capitalism linked to racism Use of mass media (radio, film & papers) to inspire population and soldiers to carry on the fight Nationalism caused WWII, it dominated the way the war was fought and it survived it

The Continuation of the First World War, Another War Was Inevitable Because… Germany could not live with the treaty restrictions and punishments Germany would have to attempt to restore its dominance in Europe France and Poland would have to prevent it Eastern Europe’s various points of friction The rise of Nationalism, Fascism, Nazism and Communism

Questions ? The Continuation of the First World War,