B1 C1 P1 REVISION QUIZ!

gene cell nucleus chromosome B1 You and Your Genes Put these words in the correct order of their size from smallest to largest. gene cell nucleus chromosome

B1 You and Your Genes 2. Place the following characteristics into the correct category. EYE COLOUR, SCAR, NATURAL HAIR COLOUR BLOOD GROUP, TATTOOS, PIERCINGS Inherited Environmental

B1 You and Your Genes 3. Complete the diagram below to show how identical twins are formed. …? SPERM CELL FERTILISATION FERTILISED EGG CELL EGG CELL

B1 You and Your Genes 4. Identical twins and spider plants are examples of natural clones. Write a definition for the word ‘clone’.

B1 You and Your Genes 5. Chromosome numbers! How many chromosomes will the following human cells have? A male body cell? A male sex cell (sperm)? A female body cell? A female sex cell (egg)? A fertilised egg cell?

B1 You and Your Genes 6. Genetic diseases. a) This man has Huntington’s disease. Give two symptoms he may suffer from. b) This young girl has cystic fibrosis. Give two symptoms she may suffer from.

B1 You and Your Genes 6. Male or female? What sex chromosome(s) would be in the nucleus of: A man’s body cell? An egg cell? A woman’s body cell? A sperm cell?

B1 You and Your Genes 7. Genetic cross diagrams (part 1). The height of these people is determined by two genes: T is dominant and produces tall people; t is recessive and produces short people. Giant (male) Shorty (female) List the possible genotype(s) of Giant. List the possible genotype(s) of Shorty.

B1 You and Your Genes 7. Genetic cross diagrams (part 2). Use your answers to 7a and 7b to help with these questions. Giant has a gene pair that is homozygous. If he and Shorty were to have child, what would the childrens’ genotype be? What is the phenotype of the children? Giant (male) Shorty (female)

B1 You and Your Genes 8. Genetic testing. Elaine and Peter are worried about the health of their unborn child as Elaine’s nephew has just been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Is there a chance that Elaine and Peter’s unborn child may have cystic fibrosis? How could they find out for sure? Give two ethical issues of choosing to find out for sure.

B1 You and Your Genes 9. What does the phrase IVF stand for? Describe what pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is used for. Write a step-by-step guide on how PGD is carried out.

B1 You and Your Genes 10. Write a definition for ‘stem cells’. Give one reason why embryonic stem cells are considered very important for scientific research.

C1 Air Quality 1. Composition of air. Name gases A and B. Name the main gas that makes up the ‘1% Other’ category. gas A gas B

C1 Air Quality 2. The atmosphere of early Earth. For each of the following gases, state whether it is now present in a higher, lower or the same concentration in comparison to early Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide Water vapour Oxygen

C1 Air Quality 3. Air pollutants Name these five air pollutants from their chemical symbols: SO2, CO, CO2, NO, NO2 Name one air pollutant that can cause acid rain. Name one air pollutant that can change the amount of oxygen in the blood. Name one air pollutant, not listed above, that is deposited on surfaces, making them dirty.

C1 Air Quality 4. Analysing data. Match the keyword to its definition. 1. Shows how close a result is to the true value. A. Accuracy B. Outlier 2. The best estimate calculated using a range of values. C. Range 3. A result that is very different to the others. D. Mean 4. The variation in a set of results, from the highest to the lowest.

C1 Air Quality 5. Burning fuels Name the two products formed when natural gas (methane, CH4) is burnt in plenty of oxygen. Name two other products also formed if the natural gas is burnt in a limited supply of oxygen. In car engines, nitrogen monoxide can also be formed, in addition to the four products above. Explain how the nitrogen monoxide is formed.

C1 Air Quality 6. Particle diagrams and conservation of atoms. Complete the diagram below to show the products. [3] O O H + + C H H O O H Methane Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water

C1 Air Quality 7. On this graph, the blue line shows number of hayfever prescriptions per month. The black line shows pollen count per month. Does this graph prove that pollen causes hayfever symptoms? Explain your answer. [3]

C1 Air Quality 8. Asthma Give two examples of things that may trigger an asthma attack. Scientists are still researching asthma to develop a full understanding of the condition. Why it is important that scientists publish their data and explanations?

C1 Air Quality 9. Reducing pollutants from cars Which two pollutants are removed by catalytic converters? For each of pollutant, which less harmful gas is it converted into? How has low-sulfur fuel helped to reduce pollution? Electirc cars do not produce any pollutants when they are used. However, they are not considered to be totally pollution-free. Why?

C1 Air Quality 10. Reducing pollutants from power stations. This machine carries out wet scrubbing to remove an acidic pollutant gas from factory gas outlets. Name the pollutant gas it removes. Describe how an electrostatic precipitator removes particulates from factory gas outlets.

P1 The Earth in the Universe Place these words in order of size, from the smallest to the largest. Galaxy Asteroid Star Moon Planet Comet

P1 The Earth in the Universe 2. Write definitions for these words Comet Asteroid Light year Fusion

P1 The Earth in the Universe 3. Measuring distances Explain how scientists would use parallax to determine whether Star 1 or Star 2 is closer to Earth. Star 1 and Star 2 are of the same type. Explain how scientists would use brightness to determine which of the two stars is closer to Earth. Earth in June Star 2 Earth in December Star 1

P1 The Earth in the Universe 4. The start of the Universe State the approximate age of the Universe. State the approximate age of the Earth. Give one piece of evidence that supports the big bang theory.

P1 The Earth in the Universe 5. Dating rocks. Use the diagram to answer the questions. Which letter represents the oldest layer of rock? Which letter represent the youngest layer of rock? Which of H or M is likely to be the youngest rock?

P1 The Earth in the Universe 6. Continental drift. Name the scientist who came up with the theory of continental drift. Use the diagram on the right to give two pieces of evidence that support his theory.

P1 The Earth in the Universe 7. Write down the keywords that fill the gaps. The Earth’s crust is made up of ____1_____ plates that flow very slowly over the layer beneath them, called the ___2___. The ocean floor continually grows wider where plates are moving ____3____. This is know as seafloor ____4______. Ocean floor is destroyed where plates are moving ______5______. Sometimes the meeting of two plates can result in rocks buckling and folding upwards to form ______6_______. The friction of plates moving side-by-side along fault lines can cause ______7_________.

P1 The Earth in the Universe 8. Detecting Earthquakes. Draw a longitudinal wave (a P wave) Label it with compression, rarefaction and wavelength. Draw a transverse wave (an S wave) Label it with wavelength and amplitude. What is the frequency of a wave?

P1 The Earth in the Universe 9. The wave equation. Wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m) A seismic wave travelling through rock has a frequency of 0.5 Hz. The wavelength is 20 km. Calculate the speed of the wave. The same wave passes into a different rock where the speed is 14 m/s. What will the new wavelength be?

P1 The Earth in the Universe 10. Using waves. Scientist studies of the movement of seismic waves have informed us about the structure of the Earth. What does the S-wave shadow zone tell us about the structure of the core? Explain what causes the S-wave shadow zone.

B1 C1 P1 REVISION QUIZ! ANSWERS

1. gene 2. chromosome 3. nucleus 4. cell B1 You and Your Genes Put these words in the correct order of their size from smallest to largest. 1. gene 2. chromosome 3. nucleus 4. cell

B1 You and Your Genes 2. Place the following characteristics into the correct category. EYE COLOUR, SCAR, NATURAL HAIR COLOUR BLOOD GROUP, TATTOOS, PIERCINGS Inherited Environmental EYE COLOUR SCAR NATURAL HAIR COLOUR TATTOOS BLOOD GROUP PIERCINGS

B1 You and Your Genes 3. Complete the diagram below to show how identical twins are formed. SPERM CELL EGG CELL FERTILISATION FERTILISED EGG CELL CELL SPLITS BABY

B1 You and Your Genes 4. Identical twins and spider plants are examples of natural clones. Write a definition for the word ‘clone’. Organisms / living things that are genetically identical / genetically the same / have the same genes.

B1 You and Your Genes 5. Chromosome numbers! How many chromosomes will the following human cells have? A male body cell? 46 A male sex cell (sperm)? 23 A female body cell? 46 A female sex cell (egg)? 23 A fertilised egg cell? 46

B1 You and Your Genes 6. Genetic diseases. a) This man has Huntington’s disease. Give two symptoms he may suffer from. Forgetfulness, memory loss, staggering, loss of balance, falling over. b) This young girl has cystic fibrosis. Give two symptoms she may suffer from. Thick mucus in lungs, breathlessness, regular chest infections, malnutrition, digestive problems

B1 You and Your Genes 6. Male or female? What sex chromosome(s) would be in the nucleus of: A man’s body cell? XY An egg cell? X A woman’s body cell? XX A sperm cell? X or Y

B1 You and Your Genes 7. Genetic cross diagrams (part 1). The height of these people is determined by two genes: T is dominant and produces tall people; t is recessive and produces short people. Giant (male) Shorty (female) List the possible genotype(s) of Giant. TT or Tt List the possible genotype(s) of Shorty. tt

B1 You and Your Genes 7. Genetic cross diagrams (part 2). Use your answers to 7a and 7b to help with these questions. Giant has a gene pair that is homozygous. If he and Shorty were to have child, what would the childrens’ genotype be? All Tt What is the phenotype of the children? All tall Giant (male) Shorty (female)

B1 You and Your Genes 8. Genetic testing. Elaine and Peter are worried about the health of their unborn child as Elaine’s nephew has just been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Is there a chance that Elaine and Peter’s unborn child may have cystic fibrosis? Yes How could they find out for sure? Genetic testing of foetus via aminocentesis or chorionic villus tests. Give two ethical issues of choosing to find out for sure. Tests carry small risk of miscarriage. Very small risk of infection. Results are not 100% (may get false negative or false positive). May have to choose whether to continue with pregnancy or have a termination. Etc.

B1 You and Your Genes 9. a) What does the phrase IVF stand for? In vitro fertilisation. Describe what pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is used for. To screen IVF embryos before they are implanted, to check for genetic diseases. Write a step-by-step guide on how PGD is carried out. Sperm fertilise eggs in a petri dish. Fertilised eggs allowed to develop until 8-cell stage. One cell removed from each embryo and tests for genetic diseases. Only embryos free from disease are implanted into a female’s uterus.

B1 You and Your Genes 10. Write a definition for ‘stem cells’. Unspecialised cells. Give one reason why embryonic stem cells are considered very important for scientific research. Can grow into any cell type in human body. Can be used to treat diseases. Could be used in cloning to create a genetic match. Etc.

C1 Air Quality 1. Composition of air. Name gases A and B. A = nitrogen, B = oxygen Name the main gas that makes up the ‘1% Other’ category. Argon. gas A gas B

C1 Air Quality 2. The atmosphere of early Earth. For each of the following gases, state whether it is now present in a higher, lower or the same concentration in comparison to early Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide LOWER Water vapour LOWER Oxygen HIGHER

C1 Air Quality 3. Air pollutants Name these five air pollutants from their chemical symbols: SO2 = sulphur dioxide, CO = carbon monoxide, CO2 = carbon dioxide, NO = nitrogen monoxide, NO2 = nitrogen dioxide Name one air pollutant that can cause acid rain. Sulphur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide. Name one air pollutant that can change the amount of oxygen in the blood. Carbon monoxide. Name one air pollutant, not listed above, that is deposited on surfaces, making them dirty. Particulates.

C1 Air Quality 4. Analysing data. Match the keyword to its definition. 1. Shows how close a result is to the true value. A. Accuracy B. Outlier 2. The best estimate calculated using a range of values. C. Range 3. A result that is very different to the others. D. Mean 4. The variation in a set of results, from the highest to the lowest.

C1 Air Quality 5. Burning fuels Name the two products formed when natural gas (methane, CH4) is burnt in plenty of oxygen. Carbon dioxide, water. Name two other products also formed if the natural gas is burnt in a limited supply of oxygen. Carbon monoxide, particulates. In car engines, nitrogen monoxide can also be formed, in addition to the four products above. Explain how the nitrogen monoxide is formed. Formed when nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen under high pressure and temperature in the car engine.

C1 Air Quality 6. Particle diagrams and conservation of atoms. Complete the diagram below to show the products. O O O H H C + + O H H C H H O O O H O H Methane Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water

C1 Air Quality 7. On this graph, the blue line shows number of hayfever prescriptions per month. The black line shows pollen count per month. Does this graph prove that pollen causes hayfever symptoms? Explain your answer. [3] No. It shows a correlation. Correlation does not prove cause. There could be another (3rd) factor cause the correlation.

C1 Air Quality 8. Asthma Give two examples of things that may trigger an asthma attack. Tree or grass pollen, animal skin flakes, nuts, shellfish, air pollution, dust, getting emotional, stress, exercise, colds, etc. Scientists are still researching asthma to develop a full understanding of the condition. Why it is important that scientists publish their data and explanations? Other scientists can evaluate their claims, check their method of investigation, presentation of data, way they interpret data, conclusions. This is peer review.

C1 Air Quality 9. Reducing pollutants from cars Which two pollutants are removed by catalytic converters? Carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide. For each of pollutant, which less harmful gas is it converted into? Carbon monoxide  carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide  nitrogen and oxygen. How has low-sulfur fuel helped to reduce pollution? Reduced amount of sulphur dioxide produced. Electirc cars do not produce any pollutants when they are used. However, they are not considered to be totally pollution-free. Why? Because production of electricity requires burning fossil fuels and therefore still produces pollutants.

C1 Air Quality 10. Reducing pollutants from power stations. This machine carries out wet scrubbing to remove an acidic pollutant gas from factory gas outlets. Name the pollutant gas it removes. Sulphur dioxide. Describe how an electrostatic precipitator removes particulates from factory gas outlets. It gives particulates a negative charge. They are attracted to a positively charged collecting plate so removed from the waste gases.

P1 The Earth in the Universe Place these words in order of size, from the smallest to the largest. 1. Asteroid 5. Star 2. Comet 6. Galaxy 3. Moon 4. Planet

P1 The Earth in the Universe 2. Write definitions for these words Comet = large ball of dust and ice Asteroid = small and rocky orbiting the Sun in a band between Mars and Jupiter. Light year = a unit of distance used by astronomers. The distance that light travels in a year Fusion = Joining smaller nuclei together to make larger elements. Releases energy. Occurs inside the Sun.

P1 The Earth in the Universe 3. Measuring distances Explain how scientists would use parallax to determine whether Star 1 or Star 2 is closer to Earth. Observe distant stars behind both Star 1 and Star 2 in both June and December. The closest Star is the one that shows the largest change in the distant stars as its background. b) Star 1 and Star 2 are of the same type. Explain how scientists would use brightness to determine which of the two stars is closer to Earth. Closest star will be the brightest one. Earth in June Star 2 Earth in December Star 1

P1 The Earth in the Universe 4. The start of the Universe State the approximate age of the Universe. 13,700 million years old. State the approximate age of the Earth. 4,500 million years old. Give one piece of evidence that supports the big bang theory. Galaxies are moving away from each other. Universe is getting bigger. Space is expanding. Red shift. Presence of cosmic microwave background radiation. Oldest stars are younger than predicted age of Universe. Etc.

P1 The Earth in the Universe 5. Dating rocks. Use the diagram to answer the questions. Which letter represents the oldest layer of rock? I Which letter represent the youngest layer of rock? R Which of H or M is likely to be the youngest rock? H

P1 The Earth in the Universe 6. Continental drift. Name the scientist who came up with the theory of continental drift. Wegener. Use the diagram on the right to give two pieces of evidence that support his theory. Continents fit like a jigsaw. Fossils found on different continents are identical. Rock types found on different continents are identical.

P1 The Earth in the Universe 7. Write down the keywords that fill the gaps. The Earth’s crust is made up of 1. tectonic plates that flow very slowly over the layer beneath them, called the 2. mantle. The ocean floor continually grows wider where plates are moving 3. apart. This is know as seafloor 4. spreading. Ocean floor is destroyed where plates are moving 5. towards each other. Sometimes the meeting of two plates can result in rocks buckling and folding upwards to form 6. mountains. The friction of plates moving side-by-side along fault lines can cause 7. earthquakes.

P1 The Earth in the Universe 8. Detecting Earthquakes. Draw a longitudinal wave (a P wave) Label it with compression, rarefaction and wavelength. Draw a transverse wave (an S wave) Label it with wavelength and amplitude. What is the frequency of a wave? Frequency – number of waves per second.

P1 The Earth in the Universe 9. The wave equation. Wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m) A seismic wave travelling through rock has a frequency of 0.5 Hz. The wavelength is 20 km. Calculate the speed of the wave. 10000 m/s The same wave passes into a different rock where the speed is 14 m/s. What will the new wavelength be? 28m

P1 The Earth in the Universe 10. Using waves. Scientist studies of the movement of seismic waves have informed us about the structure of the Earth. What does the S-wave shadow zone tell us about the structure of the core? It is liquid. Explain what causes the S-wave shadow zone. S waves cannot travel through liquid.