1. Bell Work: 11/1/11 Please write the question, answer, and explain why you chose that answer (justify).

2. Objectives Differentiate among the characteristics of the earth’s three layers. (SPI 0707.7.4) Recognize that lithospheric plates on the scale of continents and oceans continually move at rates of centimeters per year. (SPI 0707.7.5)

3. Think, Pair, Share … Come up with an explanation to the following question, pair up with your elbow partner, & share: How do we know so much about the mantle and the core?

4. From our discussion… How do we know so much about the mantle and the core? Seismic waves, or vibrations produced from earthquakes, travel at different speeds through the Earth. Their speed depends on the density and composition of the material they pass through. Traveling through a solid will go faster than through a liquid.

5. Restless Continents Look at pg. 400! In the early 1900s, ___________ ___________ wrote about his hypothesis of ____________ ______. Continental drift is the hypothesis that states that the _____________ once formed a single ______________, broke up, and drifted to their present locations. Continental drift also explained why __________ of the same plant and animal species are found on continents that are on different sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Alfred Wegener continental drift continents landmass fossils

6. Pangaea Wegener thought that all of the present continents were once __________ in a single, huge continent called ______________. Pangaea is Greek for ______________. joined Pangaea “all earth” You try it! Make Pangaea with the pieces of continents at your group.

7. Challenging Question… Think, Pair, Share … Based on what you know about tectonic plates, how would you prove Wegener’s theory to be true?

8. Tracking Tectonic Plate Motion Scientist use a system of satellites called global positioning system or GPS. Radio signals are continuously beamed from satellites to GPS ground stations, which record the exact distance between the satellites and the ground stations. Over time, these distances change slightly. The movement is measured in centimeters per year.

9. Events associated with movements of earth’s major plates: Sea-floor spreading Mountain building Earthquakes Volcanoes

10. Sea-Floor Spreading ____________ __________, or underwater mountain chains, are where ____________ ___________ takes place. Sea-floor spreading is the process by which new oceanic ____________________ forms as __________ rises toward the surface and solidifies. As ___________ __________ move away from each other, the sea floor spreads apart and magma fills the gap. Mid-oceanridges Sea-floor spreading Lithosphere (or crust) magma tectonicplates Draw a picture of the sea floor spreading.

11. Mountain Building ______________ exist because tectonic plates are continually ______________ around and ___________ with one another. The Andes Mountains in South America formed where two tectonic plates converge or collide. When tectonic plates undergo ________________ or ____________, they can form mountains in several ways. Mountains moving colliding compression tension

12. 3 types of mountains Folded Mountains- form when rock layers are _______________ together and pushed ___________. Example: Appalachian Mountains Fault-Block Mountains- form when tectonic forces put ___________on the Earth’s crust causing large blocks of the Earth’s crust to_________ _________. Example: Tetons in Wyoming Volcanic Mountains- form when _________ rises to the Earth’s surface and erupts. Most of the world’s major volcanic mountains are located at convergent boundaries where oceanic crust sinks into the asthenosphere at subduction zones Example: Mount St. Helens tension squeezed downdrop upward magma Draw a picture Draw a picture pg. 413 Draw a picture

13. Earthquakes The study of earthquakes is called ________________. Most earthquakes take place near the edges of __________ ___________. As tectonic plates push, pull, or slip past each other, stress increases along breaks in the Earth’s crust, or ___________. In response to this stress, rock in the plates _______________. __________ _______________ leads to earthquakes. It’s like a stretched rubber band, you can only stretch rock so far before it breaks. When the rock breaks, it releases ________________. This energy is released in the form of seismic waves. seismology tectonic faults plates deforms Elasticdeformation energy

14. Volcanoes Tectonic plate boundaries are likely places for _____________ to form. ________ _________ _____ _________, which are plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean, contains nearly _____ of the world’s active volcanoes. About _____ of active volcanoes on land form where plates ______________, and about ______ form where plates ____________. At these plate boundaries it is possible for _____________ to form and travel to the surface. volcanoes TheRingofFire 75% 15% 80% collide separate magma Draw a picture of both types of volcano formations. Use pages 464-465.

15. Let’s Review… 3-2-1 Reflection 3 things that I learned… 2 questions I have… 1 way I can relate today’s lesson to my daily life…