Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Terminology Latexwater borne architectural coatings (acrylic & vinyl) Oil-basedsolvent-based architectural coatings (alkyd) Leftover paintrefers both to post consumer paint and to mistints & other retailer returns Recyclingconsolidation (>95%) reprocessing (< 50-90%) reblending (<20 %)

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, PSI Process for Drafting the Technical Report & Action Plan Process began in May, 2002 Interviews with 37 stakeholders oReview draft Project Summary with goals and problem statement Literature Review Prepare draft and send to NPCA, NRF, Industry & Government stakeholders for review Incorporate comments and prepare draft for all dialogue participants Receive comments and finalize.

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Volume & Cost Estimated 16 to 35 million gallons generated per year Based on CA & WA state data Represents 2.5 to 5.5% of US Architectural coating sales Corresponds to BC Care 10 year data where leftover paint is 5% of BC sales Estimated government cost to manage leftover paint is $8/gal Includes all aspects – collection, transport, recycling or disposal Includes myriad ways – swaps, donations, recycle, solidify, etc. Total government cost if all leftover paint managed: $128 – 280 million per year.

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Volume & Cost Actual extent of HHW programs in US not characterized. According to Waste Watch Center, in 1998, –529 “programs” in 42 states –permanent collection programs defined as offering HHW collection opportunities on a average of once per month or more frequently

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, 20035

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Management Methods

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Paint Containers 90% of paint sold in steel cans –made of 30-35% recycled steel content –Significant post consumer recycling, 50% of programs PSI surveyed reported recycling steel paint cans 10% of paint solid in polypropylene plastic/hybrid cans –Can be made from 100% recycled plastic –Little known post-consumer recycling

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, PSI Issue Survey

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Survey Response Responses from 34 stakeholders Ability to conduct initial prioritization of issues and potential solutions 68 stakeholders interested in participating in today 48 attending, 20 dialing in

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Survey to Determine Key Issues 10 issues provided on survey form Opportunity to add other issues not already included Respondents rank issues for the dialogue: “1” highest priority to “10” lowest priority

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Response Analysis - Issues ResponsePoints Etc.… Note: A response of “1” indicates an issue considered highest priority.

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Survey Responses

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Survey Results

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Higher Priority Issues Leftover Paint Collection Improper Disposal Sustainable Financing Non-paint uses Sale of Paint with Recycled Content

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Issue #1: Leftover Paint

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Why is leftover paint generated? Retained for touch up Over purchase Consumer purchases wrong colors Retailer Mistints Recalls Improper storage Projects don’t get finished Contractor leaves with homeowner Container size Acquired when purchasing a new home or building Natural disasters

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Consumer Education Initiatives NPCA 6 Point Program 1. Buy Only The Paint You Need 2. Store Paint So it Lasts for Years 3. Use Up All Your Paint 4. Recycle the Empty Paint Can 5. Donate or Exchange Your Paint 6. As a Last Resort...Dispose of Paint Properly Manufacturers –Coverage information on cans, website paint calculators and tips on storage, using it up and disposal or

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Consumer Education Initiatives Government Initiatives –Websites & printed material on purchase, storage, recycling and disposal Eugene, OR Program –Distributed paint large retailers, manufacturer-owned stores, and independent hardware stores and home centers “Keep Stormwater Clean — Manage Paint Waste Wisely”; program included posters and brochures as well as Print & radio advertising.

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Other Initiatives Rent-a-gallon (quart) or small containers (4 oz.) for paint testing

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Strategies (From Action Plan) 1.Employ innovative strategies to reduce over purchasing Rent-a-gallon 4 oz. samples 2.Expand point of purchase education programs Expand programs aimed at purchasing, storing, using up, donating & giving away paint 3.Research effective education programs Little known about how programs change behaviors 4.Container size & cost structure Other container sizes to reduce the need to overbuy

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Issue #3: Collection

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Collecting Post Consumer Leftover Paint Types of collection facilities –Permanent Facilities –One-day events –Mobile Collection Centers According to WasteWatch Center, in 1998, –529 “programs” in 42 states –permanent collection programs defined as offering HHW collection opportunities on a average of once per month or more frequently

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16,

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Cabarrus County, NC HHW & Recycling Facility HHW materials plus electronics and white goods

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, HHW Facility: Chittenden, VT Solid Waste District

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Swap event in South Eastern Ohio

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Sorting in Totes: CFLP Solid Waste District, OH

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Lining up: King County, WA Collection Event

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Unopened boxes of paint Sioux City, IA Collection Event

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Leftover one-day event in Illinois

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Quart cans event in Cowlitz County, WA

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Drying out latex paint to be land filled in Centerville, IA

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, One-day event in San Francisco, CA

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Mobile Collection Truck: Chittenden, VT SWD

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Reuse Room – Chittenden, VT Solid Waste District

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Can crusher in Cowlitz County, WA

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Paint Swap in North Carolina

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Consolidated Recycled Paint – Chittenden, VT SWD

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Types of Activities Sorting –Latex, oil or other product –Good or poor condition Swap Consolidation (after collection) Packing in Totes Drumming/lab packing

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Post Consumer Collection Costs Roughly $4/gal Total program costs range from $6 to $10 per gal. Collection comprises 27% to 67% of the total post consumer leftover paint management costs (PSI) –running the site or event –handling the leftover paint –performing administrative duties –Economies of scale (set up fees, etc.)

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Regulatory Collection Issues Federal Level - HHW HHW (paint) exempt from HW management requirements, includes oil & latex, gov’t or private operations CEQSG waste collected at HHW events also exempt, even if the mixed CESQG and household hazardous wastes were to exhibit a characteristic of a hazardous waste BUT HHW loses its exemption if you mix it with a HW and the resultant mixture exhibits a characteristic of a hazardous waste!

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, State Regulatory Collection Issues Some states regulate HHW more stringently than the feds –California: Latex & oil paint wastes are listed as "presumptive" hazardous wastes –Massachusetts: once collected, paint must be managed as a federally regulated hazardous waste requiring a manifest and generator number Most do not –FL, OR, WA, etc.

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Business Leftover Paint Oil – HW due to characteristic (ignitability) Latex – not a HW (passes TCLP) But exemptions are possible (i)Used or reused as ingredients in an industrial process to make a product, provided the materials are not being reclaimed; or (ii)Used or reused as effective substitutes for commercial products; or (iii) Returned to the original process from which they are generated, without first being reclaimed. The material must be returned as a substitute for raw material feedstock, and the process must use raw materials as principal feedstocks.

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Retailers Mostly limited to mistints & customer returns Waste Management Options –Discounts –Waste –Supplier returns –3 rd party recyclers –Donations Post Consumer Leftover Paint Issues –space, staff training, safety for managing hazardous materials, liability, and increased cost But some retailers do participate –Illinois Partners for Waste Paint Solutions –Metro, OR

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Collection Strategies 1.Share municipal collection cost information. Understand cost tradeoffs of permanent collection vs. one-day events vs. mobile operations 2.Develop cooperative purchasing contracts. 3.Reduce regulatory barriers to paint collection. Review barriers to retail collection; look at state regulatory barriers, especially in MA & CA (others?) 4.Encourage retailer participation. Use return to vendor logistics, partner with manufactures, recyclers, government 5.Develop statewide collection contracts. Develop a statewide contracts for leftover paint collection and recycling services. 6.Promote Reuse. Swaps, Donations & Exchanges 7.Develop regional consolidation sites. Greater volumes reduce transportation costs.

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Issue #3: Improper Disposal

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Disposal Oil based paint hazards well accepted: –ignitable, contains hazardous solvents –All actors encourage consumers to use it up or manage via a HWW program Latex paint far less hazardous –Aquatic toxicity main issue –Liquids in landfills banned in many jurisdictions (e.g., MN, NC, counties in WA) –Hazardous waste in CA –Some haulers refuse to take liquids

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Drying Up Latex Drying up latex –Paint hardening catalysts & kitty litter –Seen as difficult for some consumers (e.g., differentiate between oil & latex, protection) –Seen as a waste of a resource –Production impacts of key raw materials (TiO2) –Encouraged by some communities/states with no other options –Some with success (MD) but others with failure (WA) –Catalysts make recycling of container difficult

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Latex Paint Disposal It is a legal disposal method It is a last resort –Mfr: After reuse, donation, exchange –Gov’t: After reuse, recycling Is consumer disposal a simple process? –Mfr: yes –Gov’t: no

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Consumer Education on Improper Disposal Websites Container labeling (e.g. Earth 911 on Behr and Glidden)

Greiner Environmental, Inc. December 16, Strategies 1. Educate consumers on proper paint management. how to dispose latex paint and wash waters from latex cleanup – via container labeling, point of purchase education, and consumer outreach 2. Provide consumers with more paint collection and management options. increase access to convenient paint management facilities, provide more management options including paint swaps, recycling, and proper disposal. 3.Educate contractors on paint collection and management options. Include in contractor permitting or in licensing exams. 4.Encourage drying up latex for disposal.